
GENERAL THOMAS LAWLER, 



COMMANDER-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, was born in 
Liverpool, England, on the 7th day of April, 1844. Came to Illinois 
when a child, received his education in the public schools of Rock- 
ford, Illinois. At the age of 17 he enlisted as a private in Co. E, 19th 
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, in June, 1861, serving three years and three 
months. He was with his' company and regiment in every battle in which 
the.v were engaged, and with the colors of his regiment was the first man of 
his command over the Confederate works at the battle of Missionary Ridge, 
November 25th, 1863. He served as private, sei-geant, and was elected First 
Lieutenant. Commanded his company for two months during the Atlanta 
Campaign, was elected by the vote of his company and placed upon the roll 
of honor b.v order of Major-general Rosecrans, commanding the Army of 
the Cumberland. Organi«ed theRockford Rifles in 1876 and made it the most 
efficient and best-known military organization in the west. Was elected 
Colonel, and commanded the 3rd Illinois National Ciuard for seA'en years, 
when he resigned in order to give younger officers a chance for prcnnotion. 
Was postmaster at Rock ford under the Hayes, Garfield and Harrison 
administrations, and is now engaged in the lumber and coal business in 
Rockford, Illinois. 



GLIMPSES 



OF 



CHIGKAMAUGA 

A COMPLETE GUIDE 

TO ALL POINTS OF INTKREST ON THIS 

HISTORIC BATTLE-FIELD. 



A BRIEF, YET COMPREHENSIVE NARRATIVE OF THE CHIGKAMAUGA 

CAMPAIGN AND THE BATTLES AROUND CHATTANOOGA, 

WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS FROM ORIGINAL 

DRAWINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS, 



COMRADE ALBERT DiSBROW. 



DONOHUE & HENNEBERRY, 
Publishers, Printers and Binders, 

407 TO 429 Dearborn Street. 







Entered according to Act of Congress in tlie year 1895 

By albert DISBROW, 

in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, Washington, D. C- 



PKEFACE. 

The Chickamauga campaign, commanded by 
General Rosecrans was an aggressive movement 
and meant war and desolation. From twenty- 
three States of the Union determined men, one 
hundred thousand strong, met on those memora- 
ble days on this memorable field, in deadly strife. 
In many of the commands one-half of the men were 
killed or wounded. In the campaign of September, 
1895, upon the same grounds will be assembled, 
perhaps, as large a number of men, many of whom 
were in command at the battle of Chickamauga. 
The brave and dashing Longstreet, with many of 
his comrades scarred by time and battle, will be 
upon the ground, and the royal old hero. General 
Rosecrans, with his staff of veteran aids, including 
the famous General Wilder and General Thomas 
Lawler, the honored Commander-in-Chief of the 
j Grand Army of the Republic, not with sword and 
bayonet, for those have been hammered into plow- 
shares and pruning-hooks — our Nation desires war 
no more. Upon this field will lie down in peace- 
ful sleep those who wore the Blu^ and the Gray, 
aUfd a spirit of unity and peace will hover over the 



4 PREFACE. 

scene, and instead of the cannon's roar and the roll 
of musketry will be heard in sweet and musical 
strains the air of our National hymn, "My Coun- 
try, Tis of Thee!" 

It is only the lack of analysis and a careful study 
of the battles around Chattanooga during the 
months of September and November, 1863, that 
has prevented the people from justly appreciating 
those terrific struggles where one-third of all the 
men engaged w^ere killed or wounded. Now gran- 
ite monuments mark those grounds where heroes 
fell, and two hundred iron tablets placed at various 
points on the field tell of the different commands 
and movements of troops. This historical and 
very interesting matter has been gleaned from the 
war records of Union and Confederate depart- 
ments by General H. V. Boynton, a noted and gal- 
lant Union officer, who distinguished himself at 
the battle of Chickamauga. These gleanings were 
arranged and submitted to a large number of rep- 
resentative ex-soldiers and officers of both armies 
and all points of difference concerning the battles 
agreed upon. The reading matter to be placed 
upon each tablet erected was then sent to the Sec- 
retary of War, approved by him, and returned to 
General Boynton for execution. The author has 
in his possession a copy of all those proof sheets, 
which form the basis of this narrative. 



PREFACE. 5 

Visiting Chickamauga Park in company with a 
squad of old comrades, I noticed how eagerly the 
boys read those brief lines which conveyed vol- 
umes of histor}^ and conceived the idea of writing 
this book. Out of the matter contained on those 
tablets, with some additions, this little volume 
has been written. For many months I have made 
a careful study of the grounds of the Chickamauga 
National Military Park, in company with my 
friend, Mr. W. A. Wood, assistant engineer upon 
the grounds, who has done all the surveying of the 
fifteen-mile Government purchase, and assisted 
in placing every tower, tablet and gun carriage 
upon this historic field. A careful study of this 
book is all that is necessary in order to become 
familiar with the roads leading to all points of 
the field, where the heaviest fighting was done, and 
to the positions of the different batteries. In visit- 
ing the Chickamauga battlefield, the better w^ay 
is to commence at Crawfish Springs and move 
northeast on the roads leading to the Lafayette 
Road, along which on either side the troops moved 
into action. The map is the work of E. E. Betts, 
engineer and draftsman for the United States 
Government, at Chattanooga. For courtesies and 
valuable assistance I am under obligations to Gen- 
erals Stewart, Longstreet, Gordon and Major 
Lyman (Confederates). The casting of all the tab- 



6 PREFACE. 

lets placed upon the park grounds was done at the 
car and machine works of the Hon. H. Cla^^ Evans 
of Chattanooga, Tenn., to whom I am grateful for 
complete copies of tablet texts and other valuable 
information. 



CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Chapter I. 
Chattanoo^fa 9 

Chapter II. 
Wag"on Roads Diverg-ing from Chattanoog'a to the Various 

Points of Military Interest 13 

Chapter III. 
Chickamaug-a National Park 17 

Chapter IV. 
Guide to Chickamauga Park 26 

Chapter V. 
Org-anization of the Army of the Cumberland 36 

Chapter VI. 
Rosecrans' Movements on Chattanoog'a and Chickamaug-a. . _ 57 

Chapter VII. 
Battle of Saturday, Sept. 19th, 1863 77 

Chapter VIII. 
Battle of Sunday, Sept. 20th, 1863 . . . .' 88 

Chapter IX. 
Army of the Cumberland at Chattanoog'a 110 

Chapter X. 
Battle of Brown's Ferry 113 

Chapter XI. 
Battle of Wauhatchie 122 

Chapter XII. 
The Battles of Chattanoog'a, Orchard Knob, Lookout 

Mountain and Missionary Ridg-e .... 126 



LIST OF ENGRAVINGS. 



Mrs. Emma R. Wallace 

Gen. Thomas Lawler 

' Gen. J. P. Gordon • 

' Kelley House 

Lee Mansion, Crawfish Springs 

Erotherton House 

' 'Rock of Chickamauga" 

Snodgrass House 

Gen. Thomas 

Gen. McCook 

Gen. Crittendon 

/ Gen. Polk 

V Gen. Hill 

Gen. Walker 

Gen. Buckner 

Gen. Longstreet 

yGen. Forest 

V Gen. Rosecrans 

^- Gen. Bragg 

/ J. C. Bohart 

Gen. Jas. M. Bohart 

Lee and Gordon's Mill 

Map of Chickamauga 

Gen. Sheridan 

Gen. Cleburne 

Gen. Wood 

Gen. Hood 

Xren. Brannon 

' Gen. Steedman 

■J Gen. Palmer , 

/ Gen. Geary . . . , 

Gen. Hooker 

Gen. Walthall 

V Tower at Bragg's Headquarters 

,y Gen. Breckinridge 

Map of Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain, 




GENERAL GEORGE H. THOMAS 



V\rAS born in Virg-inia in 1816, and died in San Francisco, 
^^ Cal , in 1870. Was a g-raduate of West Point: served in 
the Indian wars with General Taylor. From November 18G1 
till March 1863 he commanded a division of the Army of the 
Ohio, defeating- the Confederates in the battle of Mill Spring-. 
Commanded the 14th Corps of the Army of the Cumberland, 
doing- eminent service in the battles of Stone River and 
andChickamaug-a. Defended Tennessee against the invasion of 
Hood. For this service he was made Major-g-eneral in the 
U. S. Army and received the thanks of Cong-ress, and from the 
Leg-islature a g-old medal. His father was of Welch extraction 
and his mother was d<'scended from the Hug-uenots. There has 
been erected at the National Capitol a mag-nificent equestrian 
statue of (xeneral Thomas. 




GEN. JOHN B. GORDON. 

BORN in Georg-ia in 1832. When the war began he enlisted 
at once in the Confederate service, being* promoted suc- 
cessively from captain to lieutenant-g-eneral in command 
of one wing" of the army of Virg-inia. Settled in Atlanta after 
the war. Was elected to the United States Senate in 1873, and 
re-elected in 1879. Was 35th governor of Georgia from 1886 to 
1889. General Gordon was one of the illustrious generals of 
the Confederate army, second only to General Lee. He is at 
present United States senator from Georgia and commander-in- 
chief of Confederate Veterans. 



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GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 



CHAPTER I. 

CHATTANOOGA. 

Chattanooga in its early history bore many 
names; it seems to have been the only fordable 
place on the river for many miles, and early set- 
tlers say that the buffalo, guided by his wonderful 
instinct, made this his crossing place on his an- 
nual trips to the north and return. For this rea- 
son the settlement was called "Buffalo Ford," and 
later "Shallow Ford," "Lookout City" and "Iloss 
Landing," after John Ross, a white chief of the 
Chickamauga Indians. His old house still stands 
in Rossville. In 1837, the Government established 
a military post here and its importance as a point 
of vantage made it the scene of some of the most 
stirring events of the war. Early in 1862, the Fed- 
erals made demonstrations toward taking it, and 
on a Sunday morning, while the old Methodist 
pastor and his congregation were kneeling in sol- 
emn devotion, a Yankee shell came screaming 



10 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

over the town and struck the church. My inform- 
ant said "We adjourned without singing tlie Dox- 
ology." The Chattanooga of to-day is a metropoli- 
tan city with splendid schools and magnificent 
churches, and is rapidly becoming a resort for 
pleasure-seekers at all seasons of the year. On 
Lookout Mountain, two thousand feet above the 
city, one may find a resting place, breathe the 
mountain air, heavily laden with the ozone of the 
pine, stand upon the jutting rocks and behold the 
beautiful Tennessee, Chattanooga and Lookout 
Valleys, with the streams of w^ater like silver 
threads winding their way between the evergreen 
hills. Upon the west side of Lookout, jutting from 
the mountain side stands Sunset Rock, overlook- 
ing Wauhatchie, a small station on the Nashville 
& Chattanooga Eailroad. This rock was used by 
the Confederates as a point of observation. With 
a fieldglass they watched the movements of the 
Yankee troops in Chattanooga and vicinity. On 
the afternoon of October 28tli, from this x)oint. 
Generals Bragg and Longstreet discovered Gen- 
eral Hooker's column advancing toward Wau- 
hatchie, and the night attack was planned. Just 
opposite this point on the east side of the moun- 
tain is Table Eock, nearly a perpendicular clifC 
seventeen hundred feet above the little village of 
St. Elmo. From this rock Jefferson Davis deliv- 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 11 

ered a congratulatory speech to the Confederate 
army upon their gaUaut conduct during the bat- 
tle of Chickamauga, while the Union army were 
surrounded in the valley at Chattanooga. He said : 
"We will thank God and take courage!" General 
Stevenson was in command of Lookout Mountain 
with fifteen thousand troops and a battery of 
twelve guns. 

The finest view for the tourist is from the bal- 
conies of the Point Hotel, which is situated near 
the summit overlooking the cit}^, at the terminus 
of the Incline railway. The Broad-Gauge railroad 
reaches the magnificent Lookout Inn by a zig-zag 
course up the mountain, affording a fine view of 
the rugged mountain side, passing the Craven 
House and through the fields where the famous 
"Battle Above the Clouds" was fought. Fort Wil- 
der on the north side is reached b}^ an electric car 
line crossing the high bridge, which affords a 
charming view of the river and Moccasin Bend. A 
short distance from the base of Missionary Ridge 
is seen the National Cemetery. The main entrance 
is through a granite archway with heavy gates of 
iron. The grounds are enclosed with walls of ma- 
sonry and upon tablets of metal w^e read acts of 
Congress regulating the management and protec- 
tion of National Cemeteries. The gates open at 
sunrise and close at sunset — all driving restricted 



12 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 



^ 



to a Avalk. On the elevated ground in the center 
stands a flagstaff, and in this green campus sleep 
fourteen thousand brave boys who wore the blue. 
Many fine monuments adorn the grounds, but 
none is more interesting than the one to the 
Andrews Raiders — a beautiful engine perfect in 
all its appurtenances, made of bronze and mounted 
on a base of granite. It is called the "General," 
and is typical of the one captured by the brave 
Ohio boys. Near by is the Confederate Cemetery 
where sleep many of the gallant hojii who w^ore the 
gray. In and about the city are to be found build- 
ings of historic interest. At the corner of Fourth 
and Market Streets stands a three-story brick, 
which was built in 1840 and used during the war 
as a Confederate prison where captured Yankees 
were held. At 316 Walnut Street is the old build- 
ing which was used by General Rosecrans as head- 
quarters, and later by General Grant. Here 
Grant, Sherman and Thomas planned the battle 
of Missionary Ridge. At 326 is the building which 
was used as the headquarters of General Garfield, 
General Rosecrans' chief of staff, and which was 
also used by General Brannan, chief of artillery. 
These old buildings are relics of the Nation's dark- 
est days. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 13 



. CHAPTER II. 

WAGON ROADS DIVERGING FROM CHATTANOOGA TO 
THE VARIOUS POINTS OF MILITARY INTEREST. 

By consulting these explanatory notes of loca- 
tions, the reader will be enabled to follow the dif- 
ferent commands and locate their geograi^hical 
positions, which is very necessary in the study of 
the strategy of the commanding Generals. The 
wagon road over which Bragg moved in evacuat- 
ing Chattanooga, September Tth and 8th, is known 
as the Lafayette Boad. It runs nearly due south to 
Lafayette. The points of interest along this road 
and the distances are as follows: 

Miles. 

Chattanooga to Rossville 4 

Chattanooga to Lee and Gordon's mill 12 

Chattanooga to Snow Hill 15 

Chattanooga to Dr. Anderson's 16 

Chattanooga to Rock Springs and Catletf 's Gap 17 

Chattanooga to La Faj^ette 25^4 

Here the road forks, one branch running to Sum- 
merville, which is fifteen miles distant from Lafay- 
ette; the other to Alpine, which is twenty miles 
from Lafayette, this fork crosses the Blue Bird 
Gap Boad four miles from Lafayette. 



14 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

The north point of Lookout Mountain is Avashed 
by the Avaters of the Tennessee River. Two small 
streams empty into the river near this point, Look- 
out Creek on the west in Lookout Valley, which is 
traversed by wagon road to Trenton, where it 
ascends to the summit and forms a junction with 
the main road on the top twenty miles from Chat- 
timooga. Following this road eight miles to John- 
son's Crook, a road ascends through Stevens' Gap 
into McLemores' Cove, thence east via Dug Gap 
Road, passing Baileys' Cross Road and Widow 
Davis' to Lafayette, ten miles. On the east base 
of Lookout is Chattanooga Valley, and through it 
runs Chattanooga Creek, which empties into the 
river between the point and Chattanooga, which 
is three miles. This valle}^, which lies be- 
tween Missionary Ridge and Lookout is four miles 
wide at Chattanooga, and is gradually narrowed 
until Missionary Ridge terminates ten miles from 
Chattanooga. The valley at this point is quite 
narrow, but wideijs at once and we are in McLeni- 
ores' Cove. The water divides here, forming Chat- 
tanooga and Chickamauga Creeks, the latter flow- 
ing along the east base of Missionary Ridge and 
emptying into the Tennessee River four miles 
above the city. 

McLemores' Cove lies betw^een the base of Look^ 
out Mountain and Pigeon Mountain, which is a 




MRS. EMMA R. WALLACE, 

TWELFTH National President of the Woman's Relief Corps, whose 
maiden name was Gilson, was born at Lamoille, IU.,in 184L Was mar- 
ried to CoL M. R. Wallace, a grallant t^nion officer of renown in 1863. Their 
wedding trip was to "The Front" iind continued to tlie close of the war. 
Mis. Wallace remaining- with her hnsband. They then resided in the South 
11 years, and returned to Chicago in 1876. Mrs. Wallace was a member of 
the World s Columbian Board. For nearly 20 years she has been president 
of or leading manager in a score of philanthropic associations, among them 
the Woman's Exchange, the Home of the FriendlCfS the Chicago Woman's 
Club, and the Press Club. In the Relief Corps she has always been faithful 
and efficient. In accepting what is perhaps the highest public honor a 
woman can attain — the National Presidency— she left the jireatest gift in 
Imperial Illinois, Department President, having been elected for the second 
time the leader of 8,000 patriotic workers in 211 lielief Corps. 

"She hath done what she could"' - oh sweet benediction, 

Well halh she earned it. this sister of oui's; 
"She liath done what she could" in their hour of affliction 
To strew the rough path of our Veterans with flowers." 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 15 

spur of Lookout. From the north point of Pigeon 
Mountain to the base of Loolvout the cove is four 
miles wide and terminates in a narrow defile 
thirt^^ miles soutlnvest of Chattanooga known as 
Dougherty's Gap. There is a plain wagon road 
from Chattanooga through Chattanooga Valley, 
McLemores' Cove and Dougherty's Gap, and 
thence along the summit of Lookout Mountain 
down through Henderson's Gap to Ali^ine and 
across Broomtown Valley to Summery i lie. 

TABLE OP DISTANCES. 

Miles. 

Chattanooga to Rossville 4 

Chattanooga to Cloud House 7^/4 

Chattanooga to Kelly's 8i/^ 

Chattanooga to Viniard's 10^/^ 

Chattanooga to Lee and Gordon's mill 12 

Chattanooga to Snodgrass House 10 

Chattanooga to Crawfish Springs via Lee and Gordon's.. 14 

Chattanooga to La Fayette 251/4 

Rossville to McFarland's Gap 2% 

Rossville via McFarland's Gap to Widow Glenn's 6 

Rossville via McFarland's Gap to Crawfish Springs 9 

Rossville to Kelly's 41/^ 

Rossville to Bragg's headquarters on Missionary Ridge.. 4 

Rossville to De Long's place (Tower) 51/2 

Rossville to Tunnel 8 

Rossville to north end of Missionary Ridge Sy2 

Rossville to west foot of Lookout Mountain S^^i 

Rossville to Lookout Creek 5% 

Crawfish Springs to Glass Mill 2% 

Crawfish Springs to Widov/ Glenn's 3 

Crawfish Springs to Lee and Gordon's mill 2 

Ringgold to Reed's bridge 6^ 



le GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 



DISTANCES ON CHICKAMAUGA FIELD. 

Miles. 

Clouds to McDaniel's V2 

McDaniel's to Kelly's % 

Kelly's to Poe's % 

Poe's to Brotherton's f ^/4 

Brotherton's to Viniard's 1 

Viniard's to Lee and Gordon's mill l^/^ 

Lee and Gordon's mill to La Fayette 13 14 

Lee and Gordon's to Crawfish Springs Road 1 

Lee and Gordon's to Crawfish Springs 2 

McDonald's to Reed's bridge 2i/^ 

McDonald's to Jay's mill 2 

Kelly's to Jay's mill 2 

Brotherton's to Jay's mill 2 

Viniard's to Hall's ford 1 

Viniard's to Jay's mill 3 

Viniard's to Alexander's bridge 2V2 

Alexander's bridge to Jay's mill 1^^ 

Alexander's bridge to McDonald's 3i/4 

McDonald's to McFarland's Gap 2i^ 

Snodgrass Hill to McFarland's Gap 2i/^ 

Hall's ford to Jay's mill 2% 

Widow Glenn's to Kelly's 2 

Kelly's to Snodgrass House V2 

Brotherton's to Snodgrass House IV4. 

McDonald's to Snodgrass House 1 V4 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 17 



CHAPTER III. 

CHICKAMAUGA NATIONAL PARK. 

The origin and development of the Chicka- 
mauga National Military Park was brought about 
in very much the same manner as was that of the 
Gettysburg field, and mainly through the influence 
of a series of letters written by General H. Y. Boyn- 
ton, Washington correspondent of the Cincinnati 
Commercial-Gazette. The General, in company 
with General Ferdinand Van Derveer, his old com- 
mander, on a Sunday morning in June, 1888, rode 
over the field, and doubtless the oaks and pines, 
battle scarred, and the old fields where they had 
witnessed the surging lines of troops, brought 
vividly to their minds that other Sabbath when 
the same fields were strewn with the dead and 
wounded. 

How natural it would be for those survivors to 
ask the question: "Why should not a history of 
this field of Chickamauga be preserved as has been 
the field of Gettysburg?" The park project was 
soon after publicly announced in the series of 
letters before mentioned and at the next meeting 



18 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

of the society of the Army of the Cumberland, a 
resolution was adopted and a committee appointed 
for the purpose of inaugurating a movement for 
the purchase of the ground on which the battle of 
Chickamauga was fought, and that monuments be 
placed thereon to mark the location of the troops 
who participated in the battle, and that it be pre- 
served similar to the field of Gettysburg. 

This committee met in Washington, February 
13th, 1889. It was agreed at this meeting to in- 
vite the Confederate Veterans of the Battle of 
Chickamauga, wiio were present in Washington, 
to unite in forming a memorial association. In 
September, 1889, a joint meeting of veterans was 
held in the Baptist church on the battlefield of 
Chickamauga, at which a full organization was 
effected, and incorporators and directors elected. 
During the following winter when the association 
was discussing the question of asking Congress to 
aid in the purchase of the battlefield, the idea of 
enlarging the scheme so as to include the fields of 
Lookout Mountain, Missionary Kidge, and the less- 
er affairs of the battle of Chattanooga, and estab- 
lish the whole as a National Park under Govern- 
ment control, was conceived. A bill was drawn 
authorizing the purchase of the entire field of 
Chickamauga and its approaches, consisting of the 
main roads leading to and through the field, and 



GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 19 

thence over Lookout Mountain, by the Govern- 
ment. The bill was presented to the House of 
Representatives by General Chas. A. Grosvenor, 
and was passed without a dissenting vote after 
a discussion of only twenty-three minutes. In the 
Senate the bill met with the same success. It was 
read by Gen. Anson G. McCook, one of the most 
gallant officers of the Army of the Cumberland, a 
participator in the battle of Lookout Mountain. 
The bill passed in twenty minutes, not one vote 
against it being cast. The bill provides for the 
purchase of fifteen square miles of the Chicka- 
mauga field and the establishment of a National 
Park thereon. 

This park consists of two parts, the approaches 
and the park proper. The approaches near Chick- 
amauga are mainly roads over which the armies 
reached and left the field. Those in the vicinity of 
Chattanooga lie mainly along the lines of battle. 
Those over the Lookout cross Hooker's battlefield, 
while the crest road along Missionary Eidge fol- 
lows Bragg's line of battle in front of General 
Thomas' Army of the Cumberland, and General 
Sherman's Army of the Tennessee. The ap- 
proaches as well as the roads in the park proper 
have been rebuilt in the most substantial manner 
by the Government. The Lafayette Road from 
Rossville to Lee and Gordon's Mill, and the Crest 



20 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

Hoad are constructed on a right of way of fifty 
feet. From Sherman Heights the drive over this 
beautiful boulevard to Glass Mill, which was the 
Confederate left flank in the battle of Chicka- 
mauga, is twenty miles. Over eight miles of its 
extent from the northern extremity of Missionary 
Kidge to Eossville the scenery itself will give a 
national reputation to the drive. This drive be- 
comes one that is without parallel when to the 
remarkable charms of river, city and mountain we 
add a distinct view of the battlefields of Mission- 
ary Ridge, Orchard Knob and Lookout Mountain. 
Through the center and touching both flanks of 
the Chickamauga field run the remaining twelve 
miles of the boulevard, and the whole passes 
through, or in plain view of the fighting ground 
of the five-days battle between the tw^o armies. 
When the boulevard is completed every important 
point of action will be illustrated by historical 
tablets or monuments, or both, like the other roads 
and approaches of the park. The site of Bragg's 
headquarters on Missionary Eidge, and about 
three acres surrounding it, is in possession of the 
Government. A spur of the ridge, which juts out 
toward Chattanooga opposite the left line of as- 
sault of the Army of the Cumberland, has also 
been purchased. From this tract, which contains 
five and one-half acres, can be seen the face of the 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 21 

ridge to a point within a division front of tlie right 
line of assault. A tower of observation has been 
erected upon each of these tracts. In addition to 
these the whole of Orchard Knob has also been 
acquired by the Government. This was the head- 
quarters of the Union Generals Grant, Thomas 
and Gordon Granger, during the battle of Mission- 
ary Ridge. It is half way between Chattanooga 
and the ridge, and is an isolated knoll standing 
about sixty feet above the plain, and is in extent 
about six acres. The general appearance remains 
unchanged, and the works erected by both armies 
are still well defined. The boundaries of the park 
proper are these : 

The northern boundary is a line crossing the La- 
fayette Road near to and north of the Cloud House, 
and extending from McFarland's Gaj) Road to the 
Chickamauga River. It is bounded on the east by 
the Chickamauga River. Its southern boundary is 
the road from Lee & Gordon's Mill to Crawfish 
Springs, and its western boundary is the Craw^fish 
Springs Road from Lee & Gordon's Mill Road to 
McFarland's Gap. The features of the Chicka- 
mauga fields, except the growth of timber, have 
changed but little since the battle. In the exten- 
sive woods where the heavy fighting occurred 
there have been few clearings. But heavy tim- 
ber has grown up in several of the fields in these 



22 GLIMPSES OF CHICK AMAUGA. 

forests, making the first studies of the lines quite 
perplexing. The whole field is to be restored to 
its original condition as nearly as is possible. This 
necessitates the replanting of clearings so that 
the}^ may grow up forests, and the cutting out of 
recent growths of timber. Koads opened since the 
battle have been closed and abandoned, and the 
roads which were battle lines have been reopened 
and improved. The clearing out of the under- 
brush is the only natural feature which has been 
changed. In order to show the topography of the 
field and bring the lines of battle into view this 
could not be avoided. Carriages can now drive 
through the great forests in all directions and 
along the lines of battle. 

Up to the present time there have been erected 
at prominent jioints of the park five observation 
towers of iron and steel, each eighty feet in height. 
Two of these are on Missionary Kidge and three 
on the Ghickamauga field. Of the latter, one is 
near Jay's Saw Mill, where the battle really 
began, one is near HalPs Ford on the ground 
where Bragg's army first formed for battle, and 
the third is on Snodgrass Hill. The towers indi- 
cate the relative positions of the various points of 
the fields of Ohickamauga and Chattanooga, and 
are in sight of eacli other. By the views-afforded 
from them the strategy of the movements of the 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 23 

battles are readily understood. The lines of bat- 
tle are to be designated by historical tablets and 
monuments. The Government erects the tablets 
and monuments to the regular regiments and bat- 
teries. To the States is left the erection of monu- 
ments to mark the position of volunteer troops. 
The historical tablets are each 3x4 feet and are 
of iron, with the lettering cast as part of the plate. 
They are of several classes and are designated to 
show the different organized commands — the 
corps, divisions and brigades, carrying the organi- 
zations to the individual regiments and batteries 
with their commanders in the engagements. The 
staff tablets give the names of the respective staff 
officers. On each historical tablet there are from 
two to four hundred text words setting forth in 
brief, yet comprehensive form, the movements of 
troops at the points where they are placed. In the 
erection of these tablets both Union and Confed- 
erate are given equal attention. The only differ- 
ence is the letter ^^U" for Union in the upper right 
hand corner and the letter "C" for Confederate. 
Specimen tablets will be found elsewhere in this 
book. There are also guide tablets at road cross- 
ings giving the directions and distances to all 
points of the field as well as locality tablets show- 
ing where notable captures of prisoners or guns oc- 
curred, and the points where prominent officers 



^4 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

were wounded, and marking the sites of houses 
and fields which were landmarks in the battle. 
The chief of ordnance, Gen. D. W. Flagler, with 
his assistant, Captain V. McNally, secured enough 
old guns from the stock on hand at the various ar- 
senals to carry out the plan of marking the fight- 
ing positions of all batteries as they are identified, 
by guns of the same kind used in the battle by the 
battery. These guns will be mounted upon cast- 
iron carriages, painted so as to be an exact repre- 
sentation of the carriage of 1861. Triangular 
pyramids of eight-inch shells ten feet in height 
mark the spot where general officers were killed 
or wounded. A tablet on each gives name, rank, 
and army of the officer killed. There were eight of 
these commanding brigades, namely. Colonel Hans 
C. Heg, Brigadier-General Wm. II. Lytle, Colonels 
Edward A. King and Philemon P. Baldwin on the 
Union side, and Brigadier-General Preston Smith, 
Brigadier-General Ben Hardin Helm, Brigadier- 
General Jas. Deshler, and Col. Pa^^ton H. Colquitt 
on the Confederate. In various parts of the field 
the lines of rude works used by each side have 
been found and are to be restored. The lines of 
each day's battle are being marked. The regi- 
mental monuments are placed where the repre- 
sentatives of the regiments think the most notable 
record was made. Granite markers will designate 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 25 

other positions. The first to erect them is the Ohio 
Commission. Those adopted by them are fifteen 
inches square and three feet high. One face is pol- 
ished to receive the designation of the organiza- 
tion and the time it occupied the position. The 
park when completed will be an interesting study 
to lovers of military history as the field is being 
thoroughly marked so that the movements of 
every regiment and battery can be followed 
through the battle, as well as the general move- 
ment. Fortj^-four acres at the north end of Mis- 
sionary Eidge, including the points assaulted by 
the Army of the Tennessee, under General Sher- 
man, and the Tunnel Hill position, defended by 
General Hardee, have also been purchased by the 
Park Commission. 



26 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 



CHAPTER IV. 

GUIDE TO CHICKAMAUGA PARK. 

Leaving Chattanooga for Chickamauga via the 
Lafayette Koad, the first point of military inter- 
est is 

ROSSVILLE, 

A small village situated near the base of Mis- 
sionary liidge, where the wagon road enters Koss- 
ville Gap. The old McFarland house (now Govern- 
ment property) was used by Generals Rosecrans 
and Crittenden as headquarters immediately fol- 
lowing Bragg's evacuation of Chattanooga. To 
this point the Union army withdrew during the 
night of September 20th. Tablets containing mili- 
tary texts describing movements of troops are 
posted here. The next point of interest is 

BATTERY HILL. 

Here General Thomas stationed his command 
and held in check the Confederate forces after the 
battle, while the Federal forces were falling back 
to Chattanooga under General Rosecrans, Septem- 
ber 20th. Two miles from Battery Hill, still fol- 
lowing the Lafayette Road, we reach 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 27 



CLOUD HOUSE AND SPRINGS, 

Where the Union hospital was established Sep- 
tember 18th. From the Government tablet at the 
roadside there is a well-beaten path to the springs 
a few rods distant. Just opposite the spring is the 
old church which was also used as a hospital. A 
further drive of a few minutes brings us to the 
site of the 

MCDONALD'S HOUSE. 

Here the Park Commission has placed a number 
of guns. Tablets are also placed here telling of the 
terrific fighting done on this field. The first guns 
of Sunday morning were heard from this point, 
and after the struggles of the day on various 
points of the field the last guns were fired near the 
McDonald House. Three-fourths of a mile from 
here two roads diverge from the main road. Tak- 
ing the one to the left we pass the north line of the 

KELLY FIELD 

And have a splendid view of the old log works of 
the Union left, as well as the granite monuments 
that mark the battle line. One mile further east is 



28 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

JAY'S MILL 

Which was the extreme right of the Confederate 
lines when the battle opened on Saturday morn- 
ing, September 19th. The continuation of this 
road leads to 

REED'S BRIDGE, 

Where Minty's cavalry opposed the crossing of the 
Confederate troops on September 18th, thus delay- 
ing the battle of Chickamauga until the morning 
of the 19th. Near the site of Jay's Mill will be seen 
a number of fine granite monuments and an old 
spring marked by a pile of rock where many of the 
boys of both armies filled their canteens. From 
this mill site the Government drive leads south to 

ALEXANDER'S BRIDGE 

Which was captured by Walthall's Brigade of 
LiddelPs Division, September 18th, with a loss of 
one hundred and five men, only to find it useless, 
as Wilder's men had torn up the floor while under 
fire. Near the bridge is the old 

ALEXANDER FARMHOUSE 

And the ruins of the old blacksmith shop. About 
10 o'clock on Saturday, September 19th, Wilson 
and Ector's Brigades were called from this point 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 29 

to the assistance of Forrest at Jay^s Mill. Follow- 
ing the Alexander and Lee & Gordon's Mill Road 
about a mile from the Alexander house, the road 
forks. The drive to the left leads eighty rods to 
the old Thedford House, where the Government 
has erected one of the large steel towers. The one 
to the right leads to the 

VINIARD HOUSE AND FIELD 

On the Lafayette Koad, where the heavy fighting 
of Saturday afternoon occurred. Colonel Heg of 
the Union, and General Trigg of the Confederate 
forces were killed in this engagement at about 4 
p. m. Many beautiful granite monuments adorn 
this field, erected by both the United States Gov- 
ernment and the various States in honor of the 
troops who were engaged there. The old house is 
in good repair and is occupied by Major Lyman, a 
very pleasant gentleman, superintendent of the 
park, and a Confederate veteran of Hindman's 
command. From this point on either side of the 
Lafayette Road for one-half mile granite monu- 
ments are placed, and the trees, scarred by shot 
and shell, are the stern indications of war. One 
mile and a half south of Viniard house on the La- 
fayette Road is 



30 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

LEE & GORDON'S MILL. 

The old flouring mill has changed but little 
since the war. In this vicinity west of the Chicka- 
mauga, Crittenden's Corps wa^ concentrated on 
September 16th. On the 17th Bragg moved a por- 
tion of his army northward and bivouacked a short 
distance southeast of the mill. The Lafayette 
Road continuing south crosses the Chickamauga 
Creek near the mill. The Government drive 
leaves the Lafayette Eoad here, bearing south- 
west to 

CRAWFISH SPRINGS. 

This spring will be visited with special interest 
by the old soldiers of Thomas' and McCook's com- 
mands, who, weary and footsore, on their all-night 
march, halted here to fill tlieir canteens and re- 
fresh themselves with a cooling drink of this spark- 
ling water while pushing their way to the Union 
left on the night of September 18th. The old 
wheel, though not in use, will be seen near the 
banks. A heavy wall of masonry now confines the 
waters of the spring, which are utilized in driving 
water works and electric light machinery for the 
Park Hotel, which has been erected near it. The 
large old house occupied by General Rosecrans as 




THE ROCK OF CHICKAMAUGA. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 31 

headquarters September 16tli to 19tli, and the hos- 
pital grounds around it, will be readily identified 
as few changes have been made. A railroad has 
been built through the battlefield since the war 
and a station established near the springs, called 
Chickamauga Station; also, one in the dry valley 
called Battle Station, near the spot where Gen- 
eral Lytle was killed. In perusing the history of 
the battle the reader will notice that the troops of 
Thomas and McCook entered the field from the de- 
files of the mountains via Crawfish Springs. Fol- 
lowing the Government drive north from the 
springs three miles we reach the 

OLD HOMESTEAD OF THE WIDOW GLENN. 

This house in the time of the war was an humble 
log cabin, situated upon a beautiful knoll studded 
with stately pines. Here on the night of the 19th, 
General Rosecrans held counsel with his staff and 
general ofiflcers ; conspicuous among them was our 
lamented Garfield. On this site a large monu- 
ment of Georgia granite is in process of erection 
by the survivors of General Wilder's Brigade of 
mounted infantry. Ko more imposing monument 
will be found upon the ground ; its dimensions are 
a sixteen-foot base with winding steps to the top, 
seventy feet to the platform. Eighty rods north 
of the Widow Glenn's the road passes 



32 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 



BLOODY POND. 

This name origiuatecl from the fact that the 
wounded from various parts of the field were 
brought there to be washed, causing the waters to 
assume a crimson hue. The timber which sur- 
rounded the pond at the time of battle has since 
been cleared away Here the Blue and the Gray 
met, and in the presence of wounds and death all 
differences were forgotten. A short drive north- 
ward brings us to Battle Station where the guns 
and all freight shipped to the park are unloaded. 
From this station can be seen the flag floating 
from its staff at the Dyer house eighty rods dis- 
tant, which is the present headquarters of the 
Park Commission. Continuing from the Dyer 
house one-half mile east we reach the 

BROTHERTON FARMHOUSE 

Situated on the Lafayette Koad. The log house 
and its surroundings present a deserted appear- 
ance. Several gun carriages will be seen in the 
yard near the house with muzzles pointing east- 
\Tard. These represent Yankee guns. The Union 
lines fronted the Lafaj^ette Eoad on Sunday morn- 
ing with Wood's Division a few rods in the rear of 
the house awaiting the attack of B. K. Johnson's 



GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 33 

Division of Longstreet's Corps, wliose lines could 
be seen a short distance eastward in the wood. 
The Brotherton house will be remembered in his- 
tory as the scene of Longstreet's dash into the 
Union lines and the disastrous break of the Union 
center and rout of its right wing. Eighty rods 
north of the Brotherton house fronting west is the 

POE PLACE. 

This was the scene of some of the heaviest fight- 
ing on the 20th. Here the right of Thomas' line 
Avas struck by Johnson's and Stewart's Divisions, 
which thoroughly tested the steel of Reynolds and 
Brannan. The house was burned during the bat- 
tle. It was used as a hospital and a number of 
wounded were burned in the building. The w^ell 
was used as a receptacle for amputated limbs and 
is known as "Bloody well." A few minutes' drive 
along the Lafa^^ette Road brings us to the south- 
west corner of the Kelly field. Here on the morn- 
ing of the 19th, General Palmer, with Hazen and 
Grose's Brigades, engaged in a fierce hand-to-hand 
fight with Stewart's men, in which both sides lost 
heavily. Shell monuments will be seen here to 
King of the Union, and Deshler of the Confeder- 
ate forces, both commanding brigades. The Kelly 
field is the central point of the heaviest fighting 
of the Chickamauga battle. Near the northwest 



34 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

corner of the field is a graveled driveway indicat- 
ing the line over which Van Derveer's Brigade of 
Brannan's Division marched to the assistance of 
the forces on Snodgrass Hill, on Sunday, after his 
heroic charge on Stovall and Adam's Brigades of 
Breckenridge's Division, driving them back and 
saving the Union left at a time when it seemed to 
be fatally enveloped. This driveway leading 
through the pines one-half mile from the Lafayette 
Road brings us to the eastern slope of 

HORSESHOE RIDGE, 

Where General Thomas so richly earned the Na- 
tion's gratitude and the title of "The Bock of 
Chickamauga." This ridge is too short to bear the 
inscriptions or eulogies which should be written 
upon it to Brannan, Harker, Hazen, Granger, Van 
Derveer, Croxton, Connell, Stanley and Wood, who 
withstood the desperate and continued assaults of 
Longstreet, Johnson, Hindman, Kershaw, Preston, 
Robinson, Hood, Stewart, Gracie, Kelly and Mani- 
gault, as brave and determined men as ever drew 
a sword. What can be said in honor of the private 
soldiers on either side who fought as only Ameri- 
cans can fight in defense of principles which came 
to them by inheritance? Let this statement suf- 
fice : "The Union soldiers held the ridge. The Con- 
federate soldiers charged and repeated the charges 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 35 

until the hillside was slippery with their blood." 
Can the human mind conceive of heroism more sub- 
lime than this? When the sable curtains of night 
closed in upon this blood}^ scene the weary Confed- 
erates bivouacked near the scene of battle, while 
the Union forces withdrew through McFarland's 
Gap to Kossville. 



36 GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 



CHAPTER V. 

ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 



GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. 

First Battalion Ohio Sharpshooters; Tenth Ohio 
Infantry; Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. 

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS, FOURTEENTH ARMY 

CORPS. 

Major-General George H. Thomas. 

Provost Guard, Ninth Michigan Infantry, 
Colonel J. G. Parkhurst; escort. First Ohio Cav- 
alry, Company I, Captain John D. Barker. 

FIRST DIVISION, FOURTEENTH CORPS. 
Brigadier-General Absalom Baird. 

First Brigade, Colonel Benj. F. Scribner — Thir- 
ty-eighth Indiana, Second Ohio, Thirty-third Ohio, 
Ninety-fourth Ohio, Tenth Wisconsin, First Mich- 
igan. 

Second Brigade, Brigadier-General J. B. Stark- 
weather — Twenty-fourth Illinois, Seventy-ninth 
Pennsylvania, First Wisconsin, Twenty-first Mich- 
igan, Indiana Light Fourth Battery. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 37 



Jl^f Third Brigade, Brigadier-General John H. King 
— Fifteenth United States, First Battalion; Six- 
teenth United States, First Battalion; Eighteenth 
United States, First Battalion; Eighteenth United 
States, Second Battalion; Nineteenth United 
States, First Battalion; Fifth United States Artil- 
lery, Battery H. 

SECOND DIVISION, FOURTEENTH CORPS. 
Major-General James S. Negley. 

First Brigade, Brigadier-General John Beatty 
— One Hundred and Fourth Illinois, Forty-second 
Indiana, Eighty-eighth Indiana, Fifteenth Ken- 
tucky, Illinois Light, Bridge's Battery I. 

Second Brigade, Colonel Timothy R. Stanley, 
Colonel William L. Stoughton — Nineteenth Illi- 
nois, Eleventh Michigan, Eighteenth Ohio, Ohio 
Light, Battery M. 

Third Brigade, Colonel William Sirwell — Thir- 
ty-seventh Indiana, Twenty-first Ohio, Seventy- 
fourth Ohio, Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania, First 
Ohio Light, Battery G. 

THIRD DIVISION, FOURTEENTH CORPS. 
Brigadier-General John Brannan. 

First Brigade, Colonel John M. Connell — ■ 
Eighty-second Indiana, Seventeenth Ohio, Thirty- 
first Ohio, Thirty-eighth Ohio, First Michigan 
Light, Battery D. 



38 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

Second Brigade, Colonel John T. Croxton, 
Colonel Chas. W. Chapman, Colonel William H. 
Hays — Tenth Indiana, Seventy-fourth Indiana, 
Fourth Kentucky, Tenth Kentucky, Fourteenth 
Ohio, First Ohio Light, Battery C. 

Third Brigade, Colonel Ferdinand Van Derveer 
— Eighty-seventh Indiana, Second Minnesota, 
Ninth Ohio, Thirty-fifth' Ohio, Fourth United 
States Artillery, Battery I. 



FOURTH DIVISION, FOURTEENTH CORPS. 
Major-General Joseph J. Reynolds, 

First Brigade, Colonel John T. Wilder — Ninety 
second Illinois, Ninety-eighth Illinois, One Hun- 
dred and Twenty-third Illinois, Seventeenth Indi- 
ana, Seventy-second Indiana. 

Second Brigade, Colonel Edward A. King, 
Colonel Milton S. Robinson — Sixty-eighth Indiana, 
Seventy-fifth Indiana, One Hundred and First In- 
diana, One Hundred and Fifth Ohio, Indiana 
Light, Nineteenth Battery. 

Third Brigade, Brigadier-General John B. Tur- 
chin — Eighteenth Kentuck}^, Eleventh Ohio, 
Thirty-sixth Ohio, Ninety-second Ohio, Indiana 
Light, Twenty-first Battery. 



y- I 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 39 

TWENTIETH ARMY CORPS. 

Major-General Alexander M. McCook. 

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. 

Provost Guard, Eighty-first Indiana Infantry, 
Company H, Captain Wm. J. Richards; escort, 
Second Kentucky Cavalrj^, Company I, Lieutenant 
Geo. H. Batman. 

FIRST DIVISION, TWENTIETH CORPS. 
Brigadier-General Jefferson C. Davis. 

First Brigade, Colonel P. Sidney Post — Fifty- 
ninth Illinois, Seventy-fourth Illinois, Seventy- 
fifth Illinois, Twenty-second Indiana, Wisconsin 
Light Artillery, Fifth Battery. 

Second Brigade, Brigadier-General Wm. P. Car- 
lin — Twent^^-first Illinois, Thirty-eighth Illinois, 
Eighty-first Indiana, One Hundred and First Ohio, 
Minnesota Light Artillery, Second Battery. 

Third Brigade, Colonel Hans C. Heg, Colonel 
John A. Martin — Twenty-fifth Illinois, Thirty- 
fifth Illinois, Eighth Kansas, Fifteenth Wiscon- (\ 
sin, Wisconsin Light Artillery, Eighth Battery. 

SECOND DIVISION. 
Brigadier-General Richard W. Johnson. 

First Brigade, Brigaclier-General August Wil- 
lich — Eighty-ninth Illinois, Thirty-second Illinois, 
Thirty-ninth Indiana, Fifteenth Ohio, Forty-ninth 
Ohio, First Ohio Light Artillery, Battery A. 



40 GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 

Second Brigade, Colonel Jos. B. Dodge— Seven- 
ty-ninth Illinois, Twenty-ninth Indiana, Thirtieth 
Indiana, Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania, Ohio 
Light Artiller3% Twentieth Battery. 

Third Brigade, Colonel Philemon P. Baldwin, 
Colonel Wm. W. Berr}^— Sixth Indiana, Fifth Ken- 
tucky, First Ohio, Ninety-third Ohio, Indiana 
Light Artillery, Fifth Battery. 



THIRD DIVISION. 
Major-General Phil. H. Sheridan. 

First Brigade, Brigadier-General Wm. H. Lytle, 
Colonel Silas Miller — Thirty-sixth Illinois, Eighty- 
eighth Illinois, Twenty-first Michigan, Twenty- 
fourth Wisconsin, Indiana Light Artiller^', Elev- 
enth Battery. 

Second Brigade, Colonel Bernard Liaboldt — 
Forty-fourth Illinois, Seventy-third Illinois, Sec- 
ond Missouri, Fifteenth Missouri, First Missouri 
Light Artillery, Battery G. 

Third Brigade, Colonel Luther P. Bradley, 
Colonel Nathan H. Walworth — Twenty-second 
Illinois, Tw^enty-seventh Illinois, Forty-second Il- 
linois, Fifty-first Illinois, First Illinois Light Ar- 
tillery, Battery C. 



^! 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAtJGA. 41 

TWENTY-FIRST ARMY CORPS. 

Major-General Thomas L. Crittenden. 

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. 

Escort, Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, Company K, 
Captain Samuel B. Sherer. 

FIRST DIVISION. 
Brigadier-General Thomas J. Wood. 

First Brigade, Colonel Geo. P. Buell — One Hun- 
dredth Illinois, Fifty-eighth Indiana, Thirteenth 
Michigan, Twenty-sixth Ohio, Indiana Light Ar- 
tillery, Eighth Battery. 

Second Brigade, Brigadier-General Geo. D. 
Wagner — Fifteenth Indiana, Fortieth Indiana, 
Fifty-seventh Indiana, Ninety-seventh Ohio, In- 
diana Light Artillery, Tenth Battery. 

Third Brigade, Colonel Chas. G. Harker— Third 
Kentucky, Sixty-fourth Oliio^ Sixty-fifth Ohio, One 
Hundred and Twenty-fifth Ohio, Ohio Light Artil- 
lery, Sixth Battery. 

SECOND DIVISION. 
Major-General John M. Palmer. 

First Brigade, Brigadier-General Charles Cruft 
— Thirty-first Indiana, First Kentucky, Second 
Kentucky, Ninetieth Ohio, First Ohio Light, Bat- 
tery B. 



42 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

Second Brigade, Brigadier-General Wni. H. Ha- 
zen — Ninth Indiana, Sixth Kentucky, Forty-first 
Ohio, One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio, First 
Ohio Light, Battery F. 

Third Brigade, Colonel Wm. Grose — Eighty- 
fourth Illinois, Thirty-sixth Indiana, Twenty-third 
Kentucky, Sixth Ohio, Twenty-fourth Ohio, 
Fourth United States Artillery, Battery H, Fourth 
United States Artillery, Battery M. 

THIRD DIVISION. 
Brigadier-General Horatio P. Van Cleve. 

First Brigade, Brigadier-General Samuel Beatty 
— Seventy-ninth Indiana, Ninth Kentucky, Seven- 
teenth Kentucky, Nineteenth Ohio, Pennsylvania 
Light, Twenty-sixth Battery. 

Second Brigade, Colonel Geo. F. Dick — Forty- 
fourth Indiana, Eighty-sixth Indiana, Thirteenth 
Ohio, Fifty-ninth Ohio, Indiana Light, Seventh 
Battery. 

Third Brigade, Colonel Sidney M. Barnes — Thir- 
ty-fifth Indiana, Eighth Kentuck}^, Twenty-first 
Kentuck}^, Fifty-first Ohio, Ninety-ninth Ohio, 
Wisconsin Light, Third Battery. 




GEN. THOS. L. CRITTENDEN 



1 f AS born in Kentucky in 1819. Served under General 
^ * Taylor in tKe war against Mexico. Was U. S. Consul at 
Liverpool under Taylor's administration. In September, 1861, 
was made a Brig-adier-g-eneral. For g-allantry in the battle of 
Shiloh he was promoted to Major-g-eneral of Volunteers, and 
later served under Rosecrans at Stone River and Chickamauga, 
where he commanded the 21st Army Corps. In 186.5 he was 
brevetted Major-general U. S. Army. 




GENERAL ALEXANDER McDOWELL McCOOK 



WAS born in Ohio in 1831. Graduated at West Point in 1853. 
Served in the war against the Indians in New Mexico in 
1857. From 1858 to 1861 was Assistant Instructor of 
Tactics at West Point, and was Colonel of an Ohio reg-iment at 
the battle of Bull Run. In September, 1861, he was made 
Brig-adier-general of Volunteers, and Major-general in 1862, 
having" disting"uished himself at Shiloh and Corinth. He f oug"ht 
in the battle of Perryville in command of the 1st Corps of the 
Army of the Ohio, and commanded the rig-ht wing- in the battle 
at Stone River. He was afterwards in command of the 20th 
Army Corps and foug-ht in the battle of Chickamaug-a in 1863. 
Sixteen members of this family were in the Union Army 
during- the Civil War. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 43 



RESERVE CORP'S. 

Major-General Gordon Granger. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General James B. Steadman. 

First Brigade, Brigadier-General Walter C. 
Whitaker, Ninety-sixth Illinois, One Hundred and 
Fifteenth Illinois, Eighty-fourth Indiana, Twenty- 
second Michigan, Fortieth Ohio, Eighty-ninth 
Ohio, Ohio Light Artillery, Eighteenth Battery. 

Second Brigade, Colonel John G. Mitchell — Sev- 
enty-eighth Illinois, Ninety-eighth Ohio, One Hun- 
dred and Thirteenth Ohio, One Hundred and 
Twenty-first Ohio, First Illinois Light Artillery, 
Battery M. 

SECOND DIVISION. 
Brigadier-General James D. Morgan. 

Second Brigade, Colonel Daniel McCook — Eigh- 
ty-fifth Illinois, Eighty-sixth Illinois, One Hun- 
dred and Twenty-fifth Illinois, Fifty-second Ohio, 
Sixty-ninth Ohio, Second Illinois Light Artillery, 
Battery I. 



44 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 



CAVALRY CORPS. 

Brigadier-General Robert B. Mitchell, Colonel Edward M. 
McCook. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

First Brigade, Archibald P. Campbell — Second 
Michigan, Ninth Pennsylvania, First Tennessee. 

Second Brigade, Colonel Daniel M. Kay — Sec- 
ond Indiana, Fourth Indiana, Second Tennessee, 
First Wisconsin, First Ohio Light Artiller}-, Bat- 
tery D. 

Third Brigade, Colonel Lonis D. Watkins — 
Fourth Kentucky, Fifth Kentucky, Sixth Ken- 
tucky. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General George Crook. 

First Brigade, Colonel Kobt. H. G. Minty — Third 
Indiana Battalion, Fourth Michigan, Seventh 
Pennsylvania, Fourth United States, Chicago 
Board of Trade, One Section. 

Second Brigade, Colonel Eli Long — Second Ken- 
tucky, First Ohio, Second Ohio, Fourth Ohio, Chi- 
cago Board of Trade Battery, One Section. 

Organization of the Army of the Tennessee, 
General Braxton Bragg, C. S. A., commanding, at 
the Battle of Chickamauga: 




BRAGG'S HEADQUARTERS— MISSIONARY RIDGE. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 45 

Escort, Captain Guy Dreaux; Dreaux's Com- 
pany Louisiana Cavalry, Lieutenant O. Du Bois; 
Holloway's Company Alabama Cavalry, Captain 
E. M. HolloAvay. 

Right Wing, Lieutenant-General Leonidas Polk. 

Escort, Greenleafs Company Louisiana Cav- 
alry, Captain Leeds Greenleaf. 

POLK'S CORPS. 

Lieutenant-General Leonidas Polk. 

CHEATHAM'S DIVISION, POLK'S CORPS. 

Major-General Benjamin Franklin Cheatham. 

Escort, Company G, Second Georgia Cavalry, 
Captain Thos. M. Merritt. 

Jackson^s Brigade, Brigadier-General John K. 
Jackson — First Georgia, Fifth Georgia, Second 
Georgia Sharpshooters, Fifth Mississippi, Eighth 
Mississippi, Scogin's (Georgia) Battery. 

Maney's Brigade, Brigadier-General Maney — 
First Tennessee, Twenty-seventh Tennessee, 
Fourth Tennessee, Sixth Tennessee, Ninth Tennes- 
see, Twenty-fourth Tennessee Sharpshooters, 
Smithes Mississippi Battery. 

Smith's Brigade, Brigadier-General Preston 
Smith, Colonel Alfred Jefferson Vaughan, Jr. — 
Eleventh Tennessee, Twelfth Tennessee, Forty- 
seventh Tennessee, Thirteenth Tennessee, One 



46 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

Hundred and Fifty-fourth Tennessee, Twenty- 
ninth Tennessee, Dawson's Battalion Sharpshoot- 
ers, Scott's Tennessee Battery. 

Wright's Brigade, Brigadier-General Marcus J. 
Wright — Eighth Tennessee, Sixteenth Tennessee, 
Twenty-eighth Tennessee, Thirty-eighth Tennes- 
see, Fifty-first Tennessee, Fifty-second Tennessee, 
Games' Tennessee Battery. 

Strahl's Brigade, Brigadier-General Otto F. 
Strahl — Fourth Tennessee, Fifth Tennessee, Nine- 
teenth Tennessee, Twenty-fourth Tennessee, Thir- 
ty-first Tennessee, Thirty-third Tennessee, Stan- 
ford's Mississippi Battery. 

HINDMAN'S DIVISION. 

Major-General Thomas Carmichael Hindman, Brigadier- 
General Patton Anderson. 

Escort, Lenoir's Company Alabama Cavalry, 
Captain T. M. Lenoir. 

Anderson's Brigade, Brigadier-General Patton 
Anderson, Colonel J. H. Sharp — Seventh Missis- 
sippi, Mnth Mississippi, Tenth Mississippi, Forty- 
first Mississippi, Forty-fourth Mississippi, Ninth 
Mississippi Battalion Sharpshooters, Garrity's 
Alabama Battery. 

Deas' Brigade, Brigadier-General Zach. C. Deas 
— Nineteenth Alabama, Twenty-second Alabama, 
Thirty-fifth Alabama, Thirty-ninth Alabama, Fif- 




GEN. DANIEL H. HILL. 



BORN in South Carolina in 1822. Graduated at West Point 
in 1842. Was in the Mexican War, was "brevetted Captain 
and Major; left the army in 1849, became Professor of 
Mathematics in Lexington, Virginia. Joined the Confederate 
army, took part in the defense of Richmond in 1863, partici- 
pated in the " Seven Days' Battle," soon rose to the rank of 
Major-general; was ordered west with General Longstreet in 
September, 1863, and participated in the Battle of Chickamauga. 
He was a brother-in-law of Stonewall Jackson, and a skillful 
commander. 




GEN. LEONIDAS POLK. 

BORN in North Carolina in 1806. Graduated at West Point, 
joined the Confederate army in 1861, became a Major- 
general, was distinguished for his zeal and activity, participated 
in the battle of Shiloh in April, 1863, and Stone River, December 
29th, same year. Was in command of the Confederate right at 
the Battle of Chickamauga. For disobeying orders in this battle 
he was relieved of his command. Was in temporary command 
with Johnston when opposing Sherman's march on Atlanta. 
Was killed by a cannon shot Dear Mariette, Ga., in June, 1864. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 47 

tieth Alabama, Seventeenth Alabama, Dent's Ala- 
bama Battery. 

Manigault's Brigade, Brigadier-General A. M. 
Manigault — Twenty-fourth Alabama, Twenty- 
eighth Alabama, Thirty-fourth Alabama, Tenth 
South Carolina, Nineteenth South Carolina, 
Water's Alabama Battery. 

HILL'S CORPS. 

Lieutenant-General Daniel M. Hill. 

CLEBOURNE'S DIVISION. 

Major-General Patrick C. Clebourne. 

Escort, Sander's Company Tennessee Cavalry, 
Captain C. F. Sanders. 

Wood's Brigade, Brigadier-General S. A. M. 
Wood — Sixteenth Alabama, Thirty-third Ala- 
bama, Forty-fifth Alabama, Eighteenth Alabama, 
Thirty-third Mississippi, Forty-fifth Mississippi, 
Fifteenth Mississippi Sharpshooters, Semple's 
Alabama Battery. 

Polk's Brigade, Brigadier-General Lucius E. 
Polk— First Arkansas, Third Confederate, Fifth 
Confederate, Second Tennessee, Thirty-fifth Ten- 
nessee, Forty-eighth Tennessee, Calvert's Arkan- 
sas Battery. 

Deshler's Brigade, Brigadier-General Jas. Desh- 
ler. Colonel Roger Q. Mills — Nineteenth Arkansas, 



48 GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 

Twenty-fourth Kansas, Sixteenth Texas Infantry, 
Fifteenth Texas Cavalry, Seventeenth Texas Cav- 
alry, Eighteenth Texas Cavalry, Twenty-fourth 
Texas Cavalry, Twenty-fifth Texas Cavalry, Doug- 
las' Texas Battery. 



BRECKINRIDGE'S DIVISION. 
Major-General John C. Breckinridge. 

Escort, Foule's Company, Mississippi Cavalry, 
Captain H. L. Foule. 

Helm's Brigade, Brigadier-General Benj. Har- 
din Helm, Forty-first Alabama, Second Kentucky, 
Fourth Kentucky, Sixth Kentucky, Ninth Ken- 
tucky, Cobb's Kentucky Battery. 

Adam's Brigade, Brigadier-General Daniel W. 
Adams, Colonel Kandall Lee Gibson — Thirty-sec- 
ond Alabama, Thirteenth Louisiana, Twentieth 
Louisiana, Sixteenth Louisiana. Twenty-fifth 
Louisiana, Nineteenth Louisiana, Fourteenth 
Louisiana Battalion, Slocum's Louisiana Battery, 
Graves' Kentucky Battery. 

Stovall's Brigade, Brigadier-General Marcellus 
A. Stovall — First Florida, Third Florida, Fourth 
Florida, Forty-seventh Georgia, Sixtieth North 
Carolina, Mebane's Tennessee Battery. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 49 

RESERVE CORPS. 
• Major-General W. H. T. Walker. 

WALKER'S DIVISION. 
Brigadier-General State Rights Gist. 

Gist's Brigade, Brigadier-General State Rights 
Gist, Colonel Peyton H. Colquitt, Lieutenant- 
Colonel Leroy Napier — Fourth Georgia, Eighth 
Georgia, Sixteenth South Carolina, Twenty-fourth 
South Carolina. 

Ector's Brigade, Brigadier-General Matthew 
Duncan — Stone's Alabama Battalion, Pounds' 
Mississippi Battalion, Twenty-ninth North Caro- 
lina, Ninth Texas, Tenth Texas Cavalry, Four- 
teenth Texas Cavalry, Thirty-second Texas Cav- 
alry. 

Wilson's Brigade, Colonel Claudius C. Wilson— 
Twenty-fifth Georgia, Twenty-ninth Georgia, 
Thirtieth Georgia, First Georgia Battalion Sharp- 
shooters, Fourth Louisiana Battalion. 

Artillery — Ferguson's South Carolina Battery, 
Howell's Georgia Battery. 

LIDDELL'S DIVISION. 
Brigadier-General St. John R. Liddell. 

Liddell's Brigade, Colonel Daniel C. Govan — 
Second Arkansas, Fifteenth Arkansas, Fifth Ar- 
kansas, Thirteenth Arkansas, Sixth Arkansas, 
Seventh Arkansas, Eighth Arkansas, First Louis- 



50 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

iana Regulars, Warren Light Artillery, Mississippi 
Battery. 

Walthall's Brigade, Brigadier-General Edward 
C. Walthall — Twenty-fourth Mississippi, Twenty- 
seventh Mississippi, Twenty-ninth Mississippi, 
Thirtieth Mississippi, Thirty-fourth Mississippi, 
Fowler's Alabama Battery. 

Left Wing, Lieutenant-General Jas. Longstreet. 

BUCKNER'S CORPS. 
Major-General Simon B. Buckner. 

Escort, Clark's Company Tennessee Cavalry. 

STEWART'S DIVISION. 
Major-General Alexander P. Stewart. 

Bates' Brigade, Brigadier-General Wm. Brimage 
Bates — Fifty-eighth Alabama, Thirty-seventh 
Georgia, Fourth Georgia Battalion Sharps'hooters, 
Fifteenth Tennessee, Thirty-seventh Tennessee, 
Twentieth Tennessee, Eufaula Artillery, Alabama 
Battery. 

Clayton's Brigade, Brigadier-General Henry D. 
Clayton — Eighteenth Alabama, Thirty-sixth Ala- 
bama, Thirty-eighth Alabama, First Arkansas 
Battery. 

Brown's Brigade, Brigadier-General John C. 
Brown, Colonel Edmund C. Cook — Eighteenth 




GEN. SIMON B. BUCKNER. . 

BORN in Kentucky in 1834. Was a graduate of West Point; 
eng-ag-ed in the Mexican War, was wounded, was brevetted 
Captain, commanded the State Guards, was Adjutant-Gen. 
of the state, joined the Confederate Army, and surrendered the 
Fort and Garrison of Fort Donaldson, in February, 1863, when 
he was sent a prisoner to Fort W^arren. After his release he 
continued in the Confederate service until the close of the war, 
participating- in the battles of Stone River and Chickamaug-a, 
rendering- efficient service to the Confederacy. He noy resides 
in Kentucky. 




GEN. WILLIAM T. WALKER. 



BORN in Georg-ia in 1816. Was a graduate of West Point, 
served in the Florida and Mexican Wars, was severely 
wounded three times, was several times promoted for g-allant 
conduct. Resigned his commission in U. S. Army to join the 
Confederacy in 18G1. Became a major-general, participated in 
the battle of Chickamauga; was killed in the battle of Decatur, 
Georgia, July 5th, 1864. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 51 

Tennessee, Twenty-sixth Tennessee, Thirty-second 
Tennessee, Forty-fifth Tennessee, Twenty-third 
Tennessee, T. H. Dawson's Georgia Battery. 



PRESTON'S DIVISION. 
Brigadier-General William Preston. 

Grade's Brigade, Brigadier-General Archibald 
Gracie, Jr. — Forty-third Alabama, First Alabama, 
Second Alabama, Third Alabama, Fourth Ala- 
bama, Sixty-third Tennessee. 

Trigg's Brigade, Colonel Robert O. Trigg — First 
Florida Cavalry (dismounted). Sixth Florida, Sev- 
enth Florida, Fifty-fourth Virginia. 

Third Brigade, Colonel John H. Kelly— Sixty- 
fifth Georgia, Fifth Kentucky, Fifty-eighth North 
Carolina, Sixty -third Virginia. 

Artillery Battalion, Major A. Leyden — Jeffress' 
Virginia Battery, Peeples' Georgia Battery, Woli- 
han's Georgia Battery. 

Reserve Corps Artillery, Major Samuel C. Will- 
iams — Baxter's Tennessee Battery, Darden's Mis- 
sissippi Battery, Kolb's Alabama Battery, Mc- 
Cant's Florida Battery. 



52 GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 

DETACHMENT FROM THE ARMY OF NORTHERN 
VIRGINIA. 

LONGSTREET'S CORPS (HOOD'S). 

Major-General John B. Hood. 

McLAW'S DIVISION (HOOD'S CORPS.) 

Brigadier-General Joseph B. Kershaw, Major-General 

La Fayette McLaws. 

Kershaw's Brigade, Brigadier-General Jos. B. 
Kershaw — Second South Carolina, Third South 
Carolina, Seventh South Carolina, Eighth South 
Carolina, Fifteenth South Carolina, Third South 
Carolina Battalion. 

Wofford's Brigade, Brigadier-General Wm. T. 
Wofford — Sixteenth Georgia, Eighteenth Georgia, 
Twenty-fourth Georgia, Third Georgia Battalion 
Sharpshooters, Cobb's Georgia Legion, Phillip's 
Georgia Legion. 

Bryan's Brigade, Brigadier-General Goode 
Bryan — Tenth Georgia, Fiftieth Georgia, Fifty- 
first Georgia, Fift}- -third Georgia. 

Humphrey's Brigade, Brigadier-General Benj. 
E. Humphrey — Thirteenth Mississippi, Seven- 
teenth Mississippi, Eighteenth Mississippi, Twen- 
ty-first Mississippi. 




&\6 



GEN. NATHAN B. FOREST, 



THE cavalryman of the Confederacy, was born at Memphis, 
Tennessee, in 1821. Had been a successful slave trader, 
and when the war broke out was very rich. He joined the 
Tennessee Mounted Riflemen early in ISGl, and in July of that 
year raised and equipped a regiment of cavalry. He was in the 
battles of Donaldson, luka and Shiloh, and opened the Battle 
of Chickamaug"a at sunrise of September 19th on the Union left. 
The dark pag-e of his life's history was his slaughter of colored 
prisoners at Fort Pillow, in April, 1864, where he commanded 
the Confederate forces. Died at Memphis in 1877. 




GEN. JAMES LONGSTREET. 

BORN in Alabama in 1820, graduated at West Point in 1842. 
Was severely wounded in the war against Mexico, held 
the rank of Major when the Civil War broke out, resigned 
his commission to join the Confederacy, was regarded as one of 
the ablest of the Confederate leaders: his dash and skillful 
leadership proved disastrous to the Union right at Chicka- 
mauga. When the war closed he became loydl to the Govern- 
ment, and was appointed Internal Revenue Collector for the 
port of New Orleans by President Grant, made U. S. Marshal 
by President Garfield, and in 1880 was appointed Minister to 
Turkey by President Hayes. He is universally admired for the 
patriotic stand he took at the close of the war, and is a most 
welcome guest in every Northern home. He now resides in 
Gainsville, Georgia. 



GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 53 

HOOD'S DIVISION. 

Major-General John B. Hood, Brigadier-General 

Evander Mclver Law. 

Jenkins' Brigade, Brigadier-General Micah Jen- 
kins—Second South Carolina, First South Caro- 
lina, Fifth South Carolina, Sixth South Carolina, 
Hampton Legion, Palmetto Sharpshooters. 

Law's Brigade, Colonel Jas. L. Sheffield, Briga- 
dier-General E. McI. Law, Colonel W. C. Gates— 
Fourth Alabama, Fifteenth Alabama, Forty- 
fourth Alabama, Forty-seventh Alabama, Forty- 
eighth Alabama. 

Anderson's Brigade, Brigadier-General Geo. T. 
Anderson — Seventh Georgia, Eighth Georgia, 
Ninth Georgia, Eleventh Georgia, Fifty-ninth 
Georgia. 

Benning's Brigade, Brigadier-General Henry L. 
Benning — Second Georgia, Fifteenth Georgia, 
Seventeenth Georgia, Twentieth Georgia. 

JOHNSON'S DIVISION (HOOD'S CORPS). 
Brigadier-General Bushrod R. Johnson. 

Gregg's Brigade, Brigadier-General John 
Gregg, Colonel Cyrus A. Sugg — Third Tennessee, 
Tenth Tennessee, Thirtieth Tennessee, Forty-first 
Tennessee, Fiftieth Tennessee, First Tennessee 



54 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

Battalion, Seventh Texas, Bledsoe's Missouri Bat- 
tery. 

McNair's Brigade, Brigadier-General Evander 
McNair, Colonel David Coleman — First Arkansas 
Mounted Rifle, Second Arkansas Mounted Rifle, 
Twenty-fifth Arkansas, Fourth and Thirty-first 
Arkansas, Thirty-ninth North Carolina, Culpep- 
per's South Carolina Battery. 

Johnson's Brigade, Brigadier-General Bushrod 
R. Johnson, Colonel John S. Fulton — Seventeenth 
Tennessee, Twenty-third Tennessee, Twenty-fifth 
Tennessee, Forty-fourth Tennessee, Company E, 
Georgia Artillery, Battalion Ninth. 

Corps Artillery (Longstreet's), Fliekling's South 
Carolina Battery, Jordan's Virginia Battery, 
Moody's Louisiana Battery, Parker's Virginia Bat- 
tery, Taylor's Virginia Battery, Woolfolk's Vir- 
ginia Battery. 

Reserve Artillery, Major Felix H. Robertson — 
Barret's Missouri Battery, Havis' Georgia Batter}-, 
Lumsden's Alabama Battery, Massenburg's Geor- 
gia Battery. 

Forrest's Corps Cavalry, Brigadier-General Na- 
than Bedford Forrest. 

Escort, Jackson's Company, Tennessee Cavalry, 
Captain J. C. Jackson. 




SNODGRASS HOUSE. 



GENERAL Thomas' headquarters September 19th and 20th, 
1863, to G P. M. This old log--housc. situated near the 
center of Ilorse-shoe Ridge, was in the midst of the 
heaviest storm of battle that Sunday afternoon, when every 
deadly missile that the enemy could hurl ag"ainstthe Ridge failed 
to move the solid "Rock of Chiekamaug'a." The large trees 
which stood near the house were shorn of their limbs and were 
left mere stumps; new^ growths have since come oat. giving them 
a dwarfed appearance, which will be noticed by the visitor. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 55 

ARMSTRONG'S DIVISION. 
Brigadier-General Frank C. Armstrong. 

Armstrong's Brigade, Colonel Jas. T. Wheeler: — 
Third Arkansas, Second Kentucky, Sixth Tennes- 
see, Eighteenth Tennessee Battalion. 

Forrest's Brigade, Colonel Geo. G. Dibrell — 
Fourth Tennessee, Eighth Tennessee, Ninth Ten- 
nessee, Tenth Tennessee, Eleventh Tennessee, 
Shaw's Battalion, O. P. Hamilton's Battalion, R. D. 
Allison's Squadron, Huggin's Tennessee Battery, 
Morton's Tennessee Battery. 

PEGRAM'S DIVISION (FOREST'S CORPS). 
Brigadier-General John Pegram. 

Davidson's Brigade, Brigadier-General H. B. 
Davidson — First Georgia, Sixth Georgia, Sixth 
North Carolina, Ruckner's First Tennessee Legion, 
HuwakFs Tennessee Battery. 

Scott's Brigade, Colonel John S. Scott — Tenth 
Confederate, First Louisiana, Second Tennessee, 
Fifth Tennessee, N. T. Robinson's Louisiana, Bat- 
tery First Section. 



56 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

WHEELER'S CORPS CAVALRY. 

Major-General Joseph Wheeler. 

WHARTON'S DIVISION. 

Brigadier-General John A. Wharton. 

First Brigade, Colonel C C. Crews — Malone^s 
Alabama Regiment, Second Georgia, Third Geor- 
gia, Fourth Georgia. 

Second Brigade, Colonel Thos. Harrison — Sec- 
ond Confederate, First Kentucky, Fourth Tennes- 
see, Eighth Texas, Eleventh Texas, White's Ten- 
nessee Battery. 

MARTIN'S DIVISION. 
Brigadier-General William T. Martin. 

First Brigade, Colonel John T. Morgan — First 
Alabama, Third illabama, Fifty-first Alabama, 
Eighth Confederate. 

Second Brigade, Colonel A. A. Russell — Fourth 
Alabama, First Confederate, J. H. Wiggin's Ar- 
kansas Battery. 




GEN, WILLIAM S. ROSECRANS 



WAS born at Kingston, Ohio, December 6th, 1819. Graduated 
at West Point in 1S43, was made Brig-adier-g-eneral of 
the U. S. Army, and commanded a division at the siege of 
Corinth, in May, 1863. In October of that year he was made 
commander of the Army of the Cumberland, and in December 
won the battle at Stone River. In June, 1863, he drove Bragg" 
into Georgia, and in September fought and lost the battle of 
Chickamauga. In 1864 he commanded the Department of Mis- 
souri. In March, 1865 was brevetted Major-general of the U. S. 
Army. He now (1895) resides in Los Angeles, California. 




GEN. BRAXTON BRAGG. 

BORN in North Carolina in 1815. Died at Galveston, Texas, 
in 1876. Was a graduate at West Point, served in the 
Mexican War, was promoted to Major-g-eneral in 1857, 
was an extensive planter in Louisiana until the breaking- 
out of the Civil War. Entered the Confederate service in 1861 as 
Brigadier-g-eneral. Was made Major-general in 1863, participated 
in the battles of Shiloh and Stone River, was made General in 
place of A. S. Johnston (killed), succeeded Beaureg-ard in com- 
mand, was driven into Georg-ia in 1863. Defeated Rosecrans at 
Chickamaug-a, and was defeated by Grant at Missionary Ridg-e, 
September 25, 1863. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 57 



CHAPTER VL 

ROSECRANS' MOVEMENT ON CHATTANOOGA AND 
CHICKAMAUGA. 

The withdrawal of Bragg's army from Tula- 
homa, in Western Tennessee, to Chattanooga, of 
course made that point the objective of a cam- 
paign. Bragg's army reached this point the 1st 
of July. Here he established his headquarters 
with Polk's Corps retained in and around town for 
the purpose of scouting and guard duty. Bragg 
commenced at once fortifying his position, which 
work he steadily prosecuted for some weeks, 
awaiting the development of Eosecrans' plans, 
whose army was lying along the base of the Cum- 
berland Mountains, and was composed of three 
corps — the Fourteenth, under Thomas, at Der- 
cherd; the Twentieth, under McCook, at Winches- 
ter, and the Twenty-first, under Crittenden, at Mc- 
Minnville, where General liosecrans' headquarters 
were established. This was 115 miles from Nash- 
ville, the secondary base of supplies. On July 4th, 
General Kosecrans was ordered to prepare for a 
forward campaign at the earliest possible moment. 



58 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

With his usual i^romptness, the old warrior was 
ready to break camp August 16th, and the com- 
mand, "Forward, march,'' rang out along the lines. 
In making his final x3reparations for the operations 
against Chattanooga, General Eosecrans consid- 
ered two plans, one was to appear on the front 
of Chattanooga and attempt a direct attack. This 
plan Bragg was prepared for, as he was at his base 
with but short lines to all important points under 
the control of the Confederate Government, and at 
a ]3lace where in a very short time heavy reinforce- 
ments could be sent him, while Eosecrans in front 
of Chattanooga would be in a rough hill country 
many miles from his base of supplies. But old 
"Eosy" did not propose to meet the expectations 
of his opponent in that way. At the expiration of 
three weeks he had executed one of the most bril- 
liant military movements of the war to obtain pos- 
session of this great stronghold of nature, the gate- 
way of Eastern Tennessee and Northern Georgia, 
Chattanooga. At that time this place was of the 
utmost importance to each of the contending 
forces, and the highest prize, in a military sense, 
the Army of the Cumberland ever contended for. 
The troops were ordered to move as follows : Crit- 
tenden's Corps in three columns to move through 
the Sequatchie Valley; Minty's Cavalry to move on 
the left by Sparta and, after covering the left flank 



GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 59 

of Van Cleve, to proceed to Pikeville. Thomas was 
to move Reynolds and Brannan from University 
by way of Battle Creek, where they were to be 
posted, concealed near its mouth. Negley and 
Baird to go by way of Tantallon and halt on Crow 
Creek between Anderson and Stevenson. McCook 
to move Johnson by Salem and Larkin's Ford to 
Bellefont. Davis by Mount Top and Crow Creek 
to near Stevenson. The three brigades of cavalry 
by Fayetteville and Athens to cover the line of the 
Tennessee from Whitesburg up. These orders 
were all complied with and the movements com- 
pleted by the evening of the 20th. 

The Confederate Army consisted of three corps 
of infantry, Polk's, Hill's and Buckner's, and two 
corps of cavalry, Forrest's and Wheeler's, and be- 
fore Bragg's w^ithdrawal from Chattanooga Walk- 
er's Corps had been added. 

As soon as the Union army commenced to move 
the matter was reported to Bragg at Chattanooga 
and he then knew that he might look for an im- 
mediate advance. His army was guarding the 
mountain passes above and below the city, and the 
south banks of the Tennessee Eiver. 

An imposing feint had been determined upon by 
General Rosecrans to attract the attention of 
Bragg, by throwing Crittenden's Corps over Wal- 
den's Ridge into the Tennessee Valley in front of 



60 GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 

Chattanooga, to create the impression that he in- 
tended to attack the city from that direction, 
while Thomas and McCook were to cross the river 
forty miles below near Bridgeport, cross the Rac- 
coon Mountains and the Lookout Range and ad- 
vance upon the city from the rear, which would 
also cut off Bragg's line of communication. Crit- 
tenden sent Hazen's Brigade to reconnoitre Harri- 
son's Landing. Thej found the enemy busy throw- 
ing up earthworks. On the next day Hazen was 
posted at Poe's crossroads. Wilder w^as sent to 
reconnoitre from Harrison's Landing dowm to 
Chattanooga, where he was supported by Wag- 
ner's Brigade, and both commands opened fire on 
the town by shelling it from across the river. This 
caused the Confederate troops to move be^'Ond 
range, and the w^ithdrawal by Bragg of his stores 
to points of convenience on the railroad to the 
rear. The demonstration under Crittenden was so 
well timed that Bragg concentrated his immediate 
command at and above Chattanooga and with- 
drew Anderson's Brigade from Bridgeport, leav- 
ing the crossing of the river by Thomas and 
McCook without obstructions. The demonstra- 
tions had been carried out so nicely from 
Whitesburg to Blithes' Ferry, a distance of 150 
miles, that Bragg was at a loss to determine 
just where to look for the real advance of the 




i^».. 



:V/ P^^-e.ei-,, (ge. 



THE BROTHERTON HOUSE. 



IT 



HIS farm-house, facing- the Lafayette road, was the Union 
center and was the scene of the break September 20th, 
11 A. M., of the Union line, but it developed the fighting- quali- 
ties of both Union and Confederate soldiers, perhaps, as no 
other conflict of the war had ever done. 



GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 61 

"Yankee liorde," but was very positive that it 
would not be anywhere near Bridgeport. In a few 
days after the surj)rise at Chattanooga, Burnside's 
Cavalrj^ appeared in the vicinity of Knoxville, and 
Bragg ordered Buckner to evacuate that place and 
move down the river toward Charleston, suppos- 
ing Burnside had been ordered to form a junction 
with Rosecrans. A demonstration at Blythe's by 
Minty's Cavalry caused Bragg to order him to re- 
tire to Chattanooga. On August 30th, Thomas 
was informed that B. B. Johnson with 15,000 men 
from Mississippi had reinforced Bragg, whose po- 
sition was also made stronger by the natural ob- 
stacles that lay in the path of General Rosecrans' 
military movements. The Cumberland Mountains, 
2,000 feet high, were to be crossed over roads 
which were steep and rugged, and were mere 
trails. The Tennessee River was 400 feet wide at 
Caperton's and 1,000 feet at Bridgeport, where 
the pontoons were to be throw^n for the 
crossing of the main portion of the army. 
The Raccoon Mountains and the formidable Look- 
out Range rose before the main body of the army 
south of the Tennessee, the altitude of these moun- 
tains being about the same as that of the Cum- 
berland. These ridges average about twenty miles 
in width. The campaign involved carrying twen- 
ty-five days' rations, cutting loose from the base 



62 GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 

of supplies at Stevenson, crossing a wide river into 
the enemy's country, loaded with ammunition suf- 
ficient for two battles, and throwing an army over 
two precipitous mountain ranges into the rear of 
Chattanooga. Under cover of the apparent activ- 
ity of the left of our army, in front of and above 
Chattanooga, the main body of Rosecrans' army 
had reached the banks of the Tennessee opposite 
the enemy, concealing as far as he could the move- 
ments of his troops and the positions of his pon- 
toons and trains. He then selected the best points 
for the crossing and at once ordered the move- 
ments to begin. The troops crossed the river at 
four points. Owing to recent rains the crossing 
was very difficult. McCook crossed at Caperton's 
Ferry, forty miles below Chattanooga, where the 
pontoon bridge was laid by Davis' Division after 
driving a detachment of Confederate cavalry from 
the opposite side. Reynolds advanced to Shell- 
mound, seized the place, captured a number of 
boats and crossed at that point. Sheridan crossed 
at Bridgeport. Brannan crossed his division from 
the mouth of Battle Creek on rafts. The crossing 
was commenced on August 29th, and completed 
September 4th. Baird in command of a division 
of Thomas' Corps crossed at Bridgeport after the 
bridge was repaired. Negley crossed at Caper- 
ton's Ferry. Thomas' Corps crossed Sand Moun- 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 63 

taiu and concentrated near Trenton in Wills Val- 
ley east of it. On September 6th, Negley's Divi- 
sion being in advance reached Johnson's Crook 
when Beatty's Brigade was sent at once to seize 
Steven's Gap. Before i)roceeding far he met the 
enemy's pickets, and night coming on he went into 
camp just w^est of the gap. The Eighteenth Ohio 
went a short distance on the road to the top of 
Lookout Mountain, met the enemy's pickets and 
withdrew\ The next day Negley, with tw^o bri- 
gades, supported by Baird's Division moved for- 
ward, gained possession of the top of the moun- 
tain and secure^ the forks of the road. The whole 
of Negley's Division reached this point on the 9tli 
at the head of Johnson's Crook and w^ith one bri- 
gade held the i)ass, while another was sent a short 
distance nor-th on the mountain to seize Cooper's 
Gap. With a regiment in advance to occupy and 
hold the entrance on the east, another regiment 
was sent forw^ard to hold Steven's Gap, which w^as 
found to be heavily obstructed with fallen tim- 
ber. Negley still being in the advance, moved the 
day following across Missionary Kidge and took 
up a position in McLemore's Cove on the road 
through Dug Gap. Here he found the enemy's cav- 
alry drawn up in line, and learned from citizens 
that the Confederates vrere in strong force con- 
centrated in his front in Dug Gaj) with infantry^ 



64 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

artillery and cavalry. Baird's Division was within 
supporting distance of Negley. Early on the morn- 
ing of the 9th Reynolds sent the Ninety-second 
Illinois (mounted) to make a reconnoissance along 
the top of Lookout Mountain, to discover the en- 
emy's movements and to ascertain the truth of the 
rumors in regard to the evacuation of Chatta- 
nooga. At 11 a. m., the regiment entered the town 
as the rear of the enemy's column was leaving the 
place. On the 10th, the four divisions of the Four- 
teenth Corps were in supporting distance of each 
other, with Negley still in front of Dug Gap, the 
enemy still holding the east entrance with a heavy 
force, and the gap full of obstructions. Negley dis- 
covered early the following day that the Confed- 
erates were advancing on him in such superior 
force that his situation^ was critical and that he 
was in danger of losing his train. He determined 
to fall back to a strong position in front of Stev- 
en's Gap, which movement he proceeded to exe- 
cute, and succeeded in the face of the enemy, with 
the prompt co-operation of Baird, in securing his 
position in front of the gap without the loss of a 
wagon. The next day the location of Bragg's 
army at Lafayette Vvith Johnson's reinforcements 
was fully determined, and Thomas' Corps now 
awaited the movements of the other troops with 
reference to the concentration of the army. In the 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 65 

meantime Johnson's and Davis' Divisions of Me- 
Cook's Corps, crossing the river at Caperton's 
Ferry, moved over Sand Mountain into Will's 
Valley, and thence on September 4th, Davis being 
in advance, moved into and seized Winston's Gap, 
some twenty-five miles from Caperton's Ferry and 
about forty-two miles from Chattanooga. Sheri- 
dan's Division crossed the river at the railroad 
bridge, moved through Trenton, and on the Gth 
encamped twelve miles from Winston's Gap. Mc- 
Cook sent several detachments on the 8th and 9th 
to different points, reconnoitering the enemy — one 
went to Al^Dine and two into Broomtown Valley, 
but nothing was discovered by him of Bragg's 
whereabouts. On the evening of the 9th Kose- 
crans, who was at Trenton, sent orders to McCook 
stating that the enemy had evacuated Chatta- 
nooga and were retreating southward, and direct- 
ing him to move rapidly upon Alpine and Sum- 
merville in pursuit, to intercept his line of retreat, 
and to attack on his flank. On the 10th, McCook 
reached Alpine, where he discovered the situation 
to be a bad one. The enemy had not retreated far 
from Chattanooga, the exact location was as yet 
unknown to him. He soon learned that he could 
not communicate with Thomas, as his couriers 
could not pass through the valley, occupied as it 
was by the enemy in force, and that his corps was 



66 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

entirely isolated at Alpine, and that had he gone to 
Summerville he would have been exposed to an 
attack from the entire Confederate army, which 
his reconnoissance later determined was concen- 
trated in force near Lafayette. On the following- 
day McCook remained in camp waiting for Thomas 
to move up on him. He, however, sent his wagon 
train back to the summit of Lookout Mountain. 
On the 12th, McCook waited in camp for reports 
from the cavalrj^ as to the position and movements 
of the enemy. 

Crittenden's Corps had moved down the Se- 
quatchie Valley in readiness for an active cam- 
paign. He crossed the river at Bridgeport, Shell 
Mound and Battle Creek, and on September 4th 
his entire corps was across the river. He was or- 
dered to move up the valley of Eunning Water 
Creek and Whiteside, leaving one division on the 
line of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad and 
to push forward as near as possible to Chatta- 
nooga, threatening the enemy in that direction. 
At 6 a. m., on the 9th, Crittenden was informed by 
dispatch from Rosecrans that Chattanooga had 
been abandoned by the enemy and that he was 
to push forward at once with five days' rations 
and make a vigorous pursuit. During the morn- 
ing Crittenden, with Wood's Division, occupied 
the town and Wood was placed in command. Pal- 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 67 

mer's and Van Cleve's Divisions were moved on to 
Rossville, four miles south of Chattanooga and 
camped there. In the afternoon of the same day 
Crittenden was ordered to leave a brigade at Chat- 
tanooga and with the balance of his command to 
pursue the enemy with the utmost vigor, the line 
of march to be through Ringgold and on to Dalton. 
The next day Crittenden left Wagner, who had 
crossed ihe river from the front of the town dur- 
ing the night, in command, and ordered forward 
Palmer's, Van Cleve's and the two brigades of 
Wood's Division in pursuit, marching on the Ross- 
ville and Ringgold Road. During the afternoon 
Palmer reported the enemy's cavalry strong on his 
front, that he had only been able to march six 
miles, and that his advance had been checked by 
a charge of the Confederate Cavalry. That night 
Crittenden received several reports from his front 
that the enemy was in force near Lafayette, and 
threatening to retake Chattanooga. During the 
11th, Wood, with his two brigades, was on a re- 
connoissance at Gordon's Mill and Crittenden was 
ordered to occupy Ringgold and report. These 
movements determined to Rosecrans' satisfaction 
the position of the enemy in force in the vicinity of 
Lafayette. He immediately ordered Crittenden to 
close his entire command upon Wood, crossing as 
quickly as possible to the Rossville and Lafayette 



68 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

Road to some point near Lee & Gordon's Mill. 
Early on the morning of the 12th, Wilder was or- 
dered back to Einggold and directed to follow on 
the line of march of the infantry covering the left 
Hank. Crittenden succeeded during the day in ef- 
fecting a concentration of his command at Lee & 
Gordon's Mill, which point Wilder's Brigade 
reached after a severe skirmish during the day 
near Leet's tanyard, where he lost thirty men 
killed and wounded. With the knowledge that 
Bragg had concentrated his forces awaiting rein- 
forcements behind Pigeon Mountain, in the vicin- 
ity of Lafayette, and that his own army was scat- 
tered a distance of thirty miles from flank to flank 
— from Lee & Gordon's Mill to Alpine — Rosecrans 
said in his official report that he felt it to be a mat- 
ter of life and death to effect the concentration of 
his army in the shortest possible time. 

Bragg had been kept fully posted regarding the 
movements of the Union army under Crittenden, 
but the report that the arm^^ was crossing the Ten- 
nessee below was regarded by him as incredible. 
These reports were soon confirmed, however, by 
the news that the Union Cavalry had occupied 
Trenton and had advanced up the Wills Valley 
Railroad as far as Wauhatchie within seven miles 
of Chattanooga as a covering force under which 
Rosecrans' columns of infantry were advancing. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 69 

The Union army was now as near the line of com- 
munication of the Confederate army as the latter 
was to the Union line at Nashville, and with less 
risk in its advance movements should Bragg com- 
mence operations in the north. Bringing his cav- 
alry forward at once, Bragg soon ascertained that 
the general movement of the Union army was to- 
ward his left and rear, in the direction of Dalton 
and Kome, keeping Lookout Mountain between 
the armies. He then determined to meet them as 
their columns came from the defiles of the moun- 
tains. To hold Chattanooga would require at least 
two strong divisions and he felt that his force 
would not permit this and make a successful at- 
tack also. Bragg put his army in motion on Sep- 
tember Tth and 8th, and took up position from 
Lee & Gordon's Mill to Lafayette on the road run- 
ning south from Chattanooga on the east bank of 
Chickamauga Creek, establishing his headquar- 
ters at Snow Hill, near Lee & Gordon's Mill. 

The i)osition of our detached corps was fully 
known to Bragg on the 8th. Learning of Negley's 
movement of the 9th into McLemore's Cove, 
Bragg rightly supposed that a hurried x^ursuit was 
being made after his force w^ith the idea that he 
was in full retreat. With his own forces concen- 
trated in front of the Union center he at once saw 
how the corps of Rosecrans' army was exi30sed to 



70 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

attack and defeat in detail and that evening he 
gave orders to Hindman to prepare his division to 
move against Negle}^ and ordered Hill to send or 
take Cleburne's Division, join Hindman, and im- 
mediately move upon Negiey. On receipt of these 
orders Hill replied that his part of the movement 
was impracticable as Cleburne was sick, and that 
both Dug and Catlett's Gaps had been closed by 
falling timber, which would require twenty-four 
hours to remove. Hindman having marched dur- 
ing the night of the 9th some ten miles, was now in 
position three miles from Negley in the cove. 
Bragg not wishing to lose so favorable an oppor- 
tunity of striking his opponent's forces ordered 
Buckner with his command to move from Ander- 
son and join Hindman in the cove, which he did 
during the afternoon of the 10th. After these 
commands had united the commanders held a con- 
sultation and decided to change the i)lan of opera- 
tion. 

Bragg having removed his headquarters to La- 
fayette, in order to secure more prompt and decided 
action in the movements, ordered against the en- 
emy's center, now ordered Polk to send his remain- 
ing division to support Hindman during the opera- 
tion in the cove. Dispatching an officer to Bragg 
with a report as to this change of plans, Hindman 
and Cleburne awaited his return. Bragg refused 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 71 

to make any change and sent a verbal order to 
Hindman to proceed at once to carry out his 
previous instructions. Bragg at the same time 
sent written orders by courier to Hindman notify- 
ing him of the movements of the Union forces, that 
Polk had been directed to cover his rear, and or- 
dered him to attack and force his way through 
Negley to Lafayette, "At the earliest hour that you 
can see him in the morning." Adding: "Cleburne 
will attack in front the moment your guns are 
heard." Bragg ordered Walker's Corps to join 
Cleburne's Division at Dug Gap and unite in the 
attack. At daylight on the 11th, Bragg himself 
proceeded to Cleburne's position. The day was 
spent in listening for Hindman's expected attack, 
but not until the middle of the afternoon was his 
first gun heard. Cleburne at once pressed for- 
ward, only to find that Negley had fallen back to 
Steven's Gap. General Bragg finding his attempt 
against Thomas a failure turned promptly toward 
Crittenden's Corps, the Union left. Polk's and 
Walker's Corps were withdrawn to Lafayette, and 
moved immediately toward Lee & Gordon's Mill. 
At this time Crittenden's Corps was divided, one 
division being sent to Kinggold. On the evening 
of September 12th Polk was directed to attack 
Crittenden at daylight on the 13th. At 11 o'clock 
that night Polk sent a dispatch that he had taken 



72 GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 

a strong position for defense and asked that he be 
hea-vily reinforced. He was informed that his 
force exceeded the enemy's and again ordered to 
attack at daylight. Early on the morning of the 
13 th, Bragg, at the head of Buckner's command, 
went to the front and found that no attack had 
been made on Crittenden, and that he had united 
his forces, recrossed the Chickamauga and taken 
a strong position at Lee & Gordon's Mill. Again 
the attempt to strike the Union army in detail 
had failed, and now reinforcements having arrived 
from Mississippi and Virginia, Bragg gave orders 
to his commanders to concentrate along the east 
bank of the Chickamauga to points well below 
Crittenden's position, cross the river, interpose be- 
tween Rosecrans and Chattanooga and attack 
Crittenden at Lee & Gordon's. The Confederate 
army were in position on the ITth, and on that 
evening Bragg issued the following order for cross- 
ing his army over the Chickamauga, turning up 
stream on the other side and attacking at Lee & 
Gordon's — the movement to begin at sunrise: 

HEADQUARTERS, ARMY OF TFIE TEN- 
NESSEE. 

In the Field, Leet's Tanyard, September 18, '63. 

1. Johnson's column (Hood's), on crossing at or 
near Reed's bridge, will turn to the left by the most 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 73 

practicable route, and sweep up the GMckamauga 
toward Lee & Gordon's Mill. 

2. Walker, crossing at Alexander's bridge, will 
unite in this move and push vigorously on the en- 
emy's flank and rear in the same direction. 

3. Buckner, crossing at Thedford's Ford, will join 
in the movement to the left and press the enemy 
up the stream from Polk's front at Lee & Gor- 
don's Mill. 

4. Polk will press his forces to the front of Lee & 
Gordon's Mill, and if met by too much resistance to 
cross, will bear to the right and cross at Dalton's 
Ford or at Thedford's, as may be necessary and 
join in the attack wherever the enemy may be. 

5. Hill will cover our left flank from an advance 
of the enemy from the cove, and by pressing the 
cavalry in his front, ascertain if the enemy is re- 
inforcing at Lee & Gordon's Mill, in which event 
he will attack them in flank. 

6. ^Y^^^^^^^s Cavalry will hold the Gaps in 
Pigeon Mountain and cover our rear and left, and 
bring up stragglers. 

7. All teams, etc., not with troops should go 
toward Ringgold and Dalton beyond Taylor's 
Eidge. All cooking should be done at the trains. 
Rations when cooked will be forwarded to the 
troops. 



74 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

8. The above moyement will be executed with 
the utmost promptness, vigor and persistence. 
By command of General Bragg, 

GEORGE WM. BBENT, 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 

The stubborn resistance of Minty's Cavalry, 
from Peavine Creek to Reed's bridge, and of Wil- 
der's Mounted Infantry Brigade at Alexander's 
bridge, and at Reed's in aiding Minty, together 
with the narrow roads, so delayed Bragg's col- 
umns that no general attack was made on the 18th. 
The concentration of the Union forces continued 
on the 13th, Thomas held his position of the 12th, 
with Negley's, Baird's and Brannan's Divisions re- 
maining in camp awaiting the arrival of McCook, 
who had been ordered to close up to the left. Rey- 
nolds' Division was concentrated on the road from 
Cooper's Gap to Catlett's Gap and on the 13th 
moved forw^ard, and with his two infantry bri- 
gades, took a position at Pond Springs; tfe was 
joined here by Wilder. On the 17th, Thomas 
moved his entire corps and closed up on Critten 
den's right at Chickamauga Creek and was here 
joined by McCook on his right. The four divisions 
of Thomas' command on the afternoon of the 18th 
moved to the left to Crawfish Springs. Orders 
were received by McCook at midnight on the 13th 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 75 

directing him to withdraw to Lookout Mountain 
and move in haste along its top to Steven's Gap. 
McCook not being sure of a practicable road on top 
of the mountain thought he could effect a more per- 
fect junction with Thomas by recrossing Lookout 
to its western base and taking the road which he 
knew, thence to Steven's Gap. After crossing the 
mountain he learned of a good road along the top 
and directed Davis' and Johnson's Divisions to re- 
ascend and move in haste to Steven's Gap. These 
additional crossings delayed his junction with 
Thomas. McCook's Corps was concentrated at Mc- 
Lemore's Cove on the 17th. Stanley's Cavalry 
Corps, now under command of General K. B. 
Mitchell, Stanley being sick, came into Mc- 
Lemore's Cove through Dougherty's Gap simulta- 
neously with McCook's Corps. On the night of the 
18th, General Lytle joining the corjDs with two of 
his brigades, McCook's Corps joined the 14th 
(Thomas') corps, except Post's Brigade af Davis' 
Division, which was under orders from General 
Rosecrans to hold Steven's Gap at all hazards. 
Crittenden on the 13th, under orders from head- 
quarters, had posted Wood's Division in a strong 
position at Lee & Gordon's Mill with orders to re- 
sist any advance of the enemy to the last, and in 
case of extremity, if Granger was not in position 
to support, to fall back to some point where he 



76 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

could guard the road to Chattanooga, and the one 
round the point of Lookout Mountain, and hold 
both roads as long as he had a man under him. 
Meantime Crittenden moved the two remaining 
divisions of his corps to a position on the southern 
spur of Missionary Ridge, his right communicating 
with Thomas, where he w^as to remain covering the 
road in the Chattanooga Valley. 

Finding no movement of the enemy on his front 
on the 15th he was ordered to return with his com- 
mand and take a position near Crawfish Springs. 
Thomas moved toward Crittenden and on the ITth 
the four corps of the Union army w^ere within sup- 
porting distance of each other. 




GEN. JAMES M. BOHART 

WAS born in Buchanan County, Missouri, in November, 1840. Was edu- 
cated at Savannali, 3Iissoiiri. Entered the Confederate service in 1861 
as Captain of Company F, 1st Missouri Cavalry, under General Price, and 
laterserved under Vandorn; his service extended from the Missouri raids to 
the desperate battles of Blue Mills, Lexington, Pea-ridgre, luka. Corinth, Port 
(iibson and Champion Hill. Was with General Breckinridge and Jo Johnson 
in their battles in Tennessee and Kentucky, and was one of those Confed- 
erates who said to General Pemberton at Vicksburg, Mississippi, "Not 
until the last povind of mule meat is eaten and our water supply is cut off 
will we surrender." Was severely wounded early in the war. but remained 
with his command to the close. Has a large Banking interest at Benton- 
▼ille, Arkansas. Is commander of the ArkauBas divlsiou of U. C. V. Is a 
large-hearted, fair-minded, liberal gentleman. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 77 



CHAPTER VII. 
BATTLE OF SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1863. 

As we listen to the low rumbling of thunder in 
the distance, watch the gathering clouds along the 
horizon, and hear the rustling of the leaves among 
the branches of the trees we cast an anxious glance 
across the sky and predict a storm. So to the resi- 
dents of Chickamauga Valley was heralded the 
coming of the terrible CA^clone of war about to 
break in their midst — a storm that was to shake 
the everlasting hills, and send a pang of sorrow 
to forty thousand homes. 

In this beautiful valley for ten days two mighty 
armies had been concentrating for battle. In place 
of the usual quiet and the sweet song of the birds 
came the sharp blast of the bugle, or the roll of the 
drum and fife. General Rosecrans being convinced 
that General Bragg was concentrating north of 
Lafa^^ette for battle, began the rapid concentra- 
tion of his army via McLemore's Cove for the pur- 
pose of interposing between Bragg and Chatta- 
nooga. Army headquarters were established at 
Crawfish Springs on the morning of the l.Gth. The 
concentration was completed on the evening of the 



78 GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 

ITth by the arrival of McCook's Corps on Thomas' 
right at Steven's Gap. On the morning of the 18th 
Hood's Corps, under command of General Bushrod 
E. Johnson, consisting of Fulton's, McNair's and 
Gregg's brigades of his own division, and Robert- 
son's Brigade of Law's (Hood) Division, preceded 
by Forrest's and R. M. Martin's Cavalry, being 
under orders to force a crossing of the Chicka- 
mauga at Reed's bridge, encountered Minty's Bri- 
gade of the Union cavalry at Pea Vine Creek at 11 
a. m. and by his resistance were compelled to make 
a deployment. At 3 p. m., the Confederate infantry 
forced a crossing at Reed's bridge and General 
Forrest, who had been joined by Pegram's Division 
of cavalry, crossed at Fowler's Ford, a short dis- 
tance above. At 4 p. m., General Johnson ad- 
vanced to Ja^^'s Mill, where General Hood arrived 
and took command. The column then proceeded 
toward Lee & Gordon's Mill via Alexander house, 
and after some sharp skirmishing with Minty's 
Cavalry, Wilder's Brigade of mounted infantry 
and part of Dick's Brigade of infantry from Van 
Cleve's Division, Law's column, deployed and 
bivouacked in the woods about 800 yards east of 
the Viniard house in close contact with the Union 
forces. General Bushrod R. Johnson's Division 
were the .first Confederate troops to arrive on the 
field. 




[1 '' '■■'-' "■'• 

c/^/cAoo p^aTa.fA/(f -co. 



CHICKAMAUGA. 




GENERAL PHILIP H. SHERIDAN 



TTITAS born in Ohio in 1831; graduated at West Point in 1853, 
was made Captain in 1861, Colonel of a Michig-an regi. 
ment of cavalry in 1862, commanded a division at the battle 
of Stone River, December 31st of that year, and for g"allant ser- 
vice was made a Major-g-eneral. Distinguished himself at the 
battles of Chickamaug^a and Missionary Ridg"e. In April 1864 
was made Chief of Cavalry. Was transferred to the Army of 
the Potomac, made destructive raids on Lee's communications; 
was made General of the U. S. Army in 1888. Died August 5th 
of the same year. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 79 

In accordance with Bragg's general order of bat- 
tle, LiddelFs Division was ordered to cross with 
Walker's Corps to the west side of the Chicka- 
mauga at Alexander's bridge, on the 18th. When 
this bridge was taken in a sharp affair of W^alt- 
halFs with Wilder's Brigade it was found to be dis- 
mantled. The crossing, therefore, took place a 
mile and a half down the river at Bryam's Ford. 
The division bivouacked near Alexander's house. 

Palmer's Division of Crittenden's Corps took 
position on the Lafayette Boad near Lee & Gor- 
don's Mill shortly before daylight on the morning 
of the 19th. Grose's Brigade was sent on a recon- 
noissance northward; moving a short distance on 
the Lafayette Road, they discovered the divisions 
of Cheatham, Stewart, Walker and Preston, and 
the remainder of Law's (Hood) Division, which 
had crossed the river and had formed for battle. 
Law's Division of Hood's Corps was on the right of 
Bragg's line, in the center Bushrod Johnson's Di- 
vision, and Buckner's Corps of Stewart's and Pres- 
ton's Divisions were near Hall's ford on the left. 
Walker's Corps was coming up to take position on 
the right of the front line and Cheatham was in re- 
serve. These columns were formed a short distance 
east of and facing the Lafayette Road and were 
preparing to attack Crittenden's force. 

Baird's Division^ following Negley's and fol- 



80 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

lowed by Brannan's and Eeynolds' Divisions, left 
the vicinity of Bird's Mill in the afternoon of Sep- 
tember 18, and reached Crawfish Springs at mid- 
night. Here Negley's Division halted and turned 
to the right at that point toward Glass' Mill. The 
other three divisions marching throughout the 
night via Widow Glenn's, reached the Lafayette 
Koad at the south side of the Kelly field at day- 
light of September 19. Baird's Division first went 
into position, facing south; Starkweather's Bri- 
gade being Avest of the Lafayette Road, Scribner's 
next east of it, and King's on the left of Scribner's. 
Soon after daylight Brannan's Division arrived in 
the vicinity of Kelly's house and the two brigades 
soon after sunrise advanced on the farm road from 
the McDonald house to Reed's bridge, the remain- 
ing brigade having moved directly on to Jay's Mill. 
Baird's line, east of the Lafayette Road, then 
changed front and formed parallel to this road, 
fronting eastward. At daylight on the 19th For- 
rest started back to reconnoitre in the vicinity of 
Reed's bridge, to protect Bragg's right flank, and 
at 7:30 became heavily engaged with Brannan's 
Division one mile west of Jay's Mill on the road to 
Reed's bridge, with Forrest's Cavalry dismounted. 
Croxton's Brigade went into action first, on the 
next road to the right and one-fourth mile nearer 
to the mill. Van Derveer's Brigade became hotly 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 81 

engaged on this ground about 8 o'clock, advancing 
several hundred yards in a southeasterly direction. 
Connell's Brigade acted as a support to both Crox- 
ton and Yan Derveer. The enemy consisted of 
Davidson's Brigade of Pegram's Division and Dib- 
rell's Brigade of Armstrong's Division of Forrest's 
Cavalry, which was hastily brought from near 
Polk's headquarters at Dr. Anderson's house be- 
yond Lee & Gordon's Mill, and formed on the left 
of Pegram. Wilson's Brigade, which was at the in- 
tersection of the roads leading from Alexander's 
house to Jay's Mill and Lee & Gordon's Mill was 
also dispatched in haste to the assistance of Peg- 
ram's Division. At 9:30 o'clock, Ector's Brigade 
was hurried to the same point, and both became 
desperately engaged. Croxton was at first driven 
back, but soon regained and held his ground. At 
this time Baird's line with Starkweather follow- 
ing in column, moved rapidlj^ to the support of 
Brannan, and became engaged on his right, reliev- 
ing Croxton. At 11 o'clock, Liddell's Division, con- 
sisting of Govan's and Walthall's Brigades, was 
hastened into action and struck on Baird's flank, 
driving Baird's left brigade (J. H. King) in con- 
fusion over Yan Derveer's Brigade. Johnson's Di- 
vision of McCook's 'Corps reached the Lafayette 
Road south of the Kelly house from the vicinity of 
Catlett's Gap about noon. It at once moved east- 



82 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

ward to the support of Baird, and deploying its 
lines with Baldwin on the left, Willich on the right 
and Dodge in the reserve, struck the left flank of 
LiddelPs Division, driving first Govan, and then 
Walthall to the right and rear in much disorder. 
They reformed with Ector's and Wilson's Brigade, 
also of Walker's Corps, near Jay's Mill. 

At 1 p. m., Cheatham's Division appeared on 
Johnson's right flank, and after two hours' hard 
fighting, was reinforced by Palmer's Division, 
which had marched from Lee & Gordon's Mill up 
the Lafayette Eoad to the Poe house, and hastily 
forming moved southeast and became heavily en- 
gaged with Cheatham's advancing left about noon. 
Palmer's left brigade (Hazen's) was in touch with 
Johnson's right, and fought in the Brock field with 
Cheatham's line, which it pushed back into the 
woods east of it. 

On the Avest line of the field was Craft's Brigade 
and still further to the right Grose's. The last as- 
sault on Brannan was made on the high ground 
one mile west of Jay's Mill, the enemy advancing 
in heavy lines from the ravine one-fourth mile 
north of this point, and charging desperately. Van 
Derveer met this attack by rapidly changing his 
front to the rear and quickly occupying the crest 
north of the Binggold Road. The battle raged fu- 
riously at all points of the line until 1 p. m., at 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 83 

which hour both cavalry and infantry had been 
forced back to positions near Jay's Mill. The losses 
on both sides were very severe. 

At 7:30 a. m. (the same hour the battle opened 
between Brannan and Forrest) Stanley's and 
Beatty's Brigades of Negley's Division were en- 
gaged with Helm's Brigade of Breckenridge's Di- 
vision on the Confederate left at Glass Mill, nine 
miles away. This was mainly an artillery con- 
test, lasting until near 11 o'clock, when both sides 
were withdrawn and started for the center of 
battle. 

It was 1 o'clock when the battle on the left 
ended. At 4 p. m., Van Cleve's Division being in 
position just back of the Brotherton house was at- 
tacked by Stewart's Division of Buckner's Cori:)S. 
Clayton's Brigade advanced on the front, and a 
portion of Bate's Brigade on the right. While Van 
Cleve's Division was falling back before this at- 
tack, one section of the Twenty-sixth Pennsyl- 
vania Battery (Lieutenant S. M. McDowell) and 
four guns of the Seventh Indiana Battery (Cap- 
tain George R. Swallov\^) came to their assistance. 
The division rallied upon the artillery and re- 
mained in position fighting for half an hour, when 
the battery had exhausted its ammunition. The 
line being then flanked by Fulton's Brigade, a;> 
sisted by McXair's, both of Bushrod Johnson';^ 



84 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

Division, after sharp fighting was forced back 
through the Dyer field. Clayton's and a part of 
Bates' command followed to the vicinity of the 
tanyard in the Dyer field. Negley's Division re- 
ported to General Rosecrans at Widow Glenn's at 
4:30 p. m., and was at once sent forward to restore 
the lines in the Dyer field. It first met and checked 
the further advance of Clayton's Brigade of Stew- 
art's Division, w^hich was pursuing Van Cleve, and 
had penetrated the Union lines nearly- to the tan- 
yard. At 6 p. m., the division advanced with Sir- 
well's Brigade on the right and Stanley's on the 
left of the line. 

Brannan's Division having been sent to the Dyer 
field to aid in restoring the lines, entered the north 
side of the field just as Negley appeared coming 
toward it from Widow Glenn's and being taken on 
both flanks b}^ these two divisions, Clayton with- 
drew into the field east of Brotherton's. Bates still 
advanced northward toward Poe's, but was met at 
the north line by several batteries, aggregating 
twenty guns, collected by General Reynolds. 
These batteries were supported by Palmer's Divi- 
sion, Hazen west of the Lafayette Road, and King 
on the east of it. After a desperate engagement 
Bates was finally repulsed about 5 p. m., and Pal- 
mer's Division lines were established near this 
point for the night, and thus the battle on the 
Union center for the 19th was ended. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 85 

At 2 p. m., Davis, with Carlin's and Heg's Bri- 
gades — Post's being left with the trains at Stev- 
en's Gap — reached the vicinity of the Lafayette 
Eoad from near Widow Glenn's, and with Barnes' 
Brigade of Yan Cleve's Division on his right, and 
Wilder's mounted infantry brigade of Beynolds' 
Division on his left, wheeled to the left across the 
road, moving in a northeasterly direction, and at- 
tacked Trigg's Brigade of Preston's Division and 
all of Eushrod Johnson's Division. The battle 
having swung northward toward Brotherton's, 
Bobertson and Bennihg's Brigades of Law's Divi- 
sion, took Johnson's place, and continued the re- 
sistance to Davis' attack, finally driving his line 
across the Lafayette Eoad in much confusion. At 
4 p. m.. Colonel Heg, commanding the Third Bri- 
gade, was killed in this engagement, and a shell 
monument marks the spot. At this time Wood's 
Division, with Buell's and Harker's Brigades 
(Wagner being left at Chattanooga), arrived. Bar- 
ker charged up the Lafayette Boad beyond Davis' 
left and sent two of his regiments, the Sixty-fourth 
and One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Ohio, into 
action in the woods east of the road, while he pro- 
ceeded further north with his other two regiments, 
the Sixty-fifth Ohio and Third Kentucky, and fell 
upon the rear of Fulton's Brigade of Bushrod 
Johnson's Division, which had crossed to the west 



86 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

side of the Lafayette Eoad south of Brotherton's, 
and was engaging Yan Cleve, and forced it back 
east of the road. Buell's Brigade was first formed 
behind Heg's Brigade of Davis' men at the north- 
west corner of the Viniard field, and was carried 
away with them. At this time Sheridan's Divi- 
sion of McCook's Corps arrived from Lee & Gor- 
don's Mill and was at once thrown into action on 
the right of Buell's Brigade of Wood's Division to 
engage the enemy, which had repulsed Davis. 
With the assistance of Wilder's Brigade, which 
had forced Bushrod Johnson to retire by an en- 
filading fire and several batteries collected west of 
the road near Viniard's, the enemy was driven 
into the woods east of Viniard's at sunset. Bar- 
ker rejoined the division near Viniard's at dark. 

Cheatham's Division had been driven back at 3 
p. m. by Johnson's Division, aided by Palmer's. 
General Bragg ordered Cleburne, then beyond 
the Chickamauga and a mile and a half south of 
Lee & Gordon's Mill, to the support of Cheatham's 
Division, and of Walker's and Forrest's Corps, 
then assembled at Jay's Mill. Cleburne arrived 
here byway of Thedford's Ford about 6 p. m. Form- 
ing his lines to the right and rear of Cheatham, 
and the left and rear of Walker, he passed over 
the latter and assisted by a portion of Cheatham's 
Division to his left, attacked Baird's and John- 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 87 

son's Divisions as they were in the act of with- 
drawing toward Kelly's field. A desperate night 
fight at close quarters resulted, lasting about an 
hour, in which Colonel Baldwin of the Union and 
Preston Smith of the Confederates, each of whom 
were commanding brigades, were killed, when the 
Union forces gradually withdrew to the vicinity of 
the Kelly field, in accordance with the orders they 
had received when attacked, and bivouacked there, 
while the Confederates slept principally^ where 
darkness found them. The night was dark and 
cheerless; no fires were i^ermitted on either side. 
Fatigued with the last night's march and the great 
nervous strain of the whole day's fighting, with 
but little time for rest and food, the weary soldiers, 
eating a few hard tack, wrapped themselves in 
their blankets, lay down on the cold ground and 
fell asleep on their arms. Details from regiments 
and brigades were busy cutting trees and drag- 
ging logs and rails to build barricades along the 
extreme left of the Union lines to strengthen their 
position. How^ appropriate are these old words, 
and how strongly do they remind us of camp and 
field: 

"Comrades brave around me lying, 

Filled with thoughts of Home and God, 
For well they know that on the morrow. 
Some must sleep beneath the sod." 



GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

THE BATTLE OF SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 1863. 

With the attack of Cleburne and Cheatham upon 
Johnson and Baird after dark, the fighting was 
ended for the first day of the battle. At sunset 
Negley had cleared the enemy from the vicinit}^ of 
Brotherton's, and further to the right at Viniard's, 
Sheridan and Wood had driven the enemy well to 
the eastward from the Lafayette Road. The 
troops of both ^^rmies bivouacked in the positions 
where darkness found them. During the night 
both army commanders prepared for a renewal of 
the struggle at sunrise. The exigencies of battle 
had distorted the organization of both armies so 
that divisions had become separated from their 
corps, and brigades had become detached in all 
directions from their proper divisions to assist in 
other parts of the field. Post's Brigade of Davis' 
Division had remained at Steven's Gap about ten 
miles southwest from Crawfish Springs to guard 
the wagon trains. These trains-' were all sent to 
Chattanooga behind Missionary Ridge during the 
19th, and Post's Brigade marched during the night 
to join Davis. The trains of Thomas and Critten- 




GEN. THOMAS J. WOOD 



WAS born in Kentucky in 1825. Graduated at West Point 
in 1845. Served in the Mexican War. October, 1861, was 
made Brig-ad ier-general of Volunteers. February, 18G2, was a 
Division Commander in the Department of the Ohio, and took 
part in the battles of Shiloh and Perryville. Was wounded in the 
battle of Stone River. Participated in the battle of Chicka- 
mauga, and commanded the 4th Corps in the campaig-n ag-ainst 
Hood in Tennessee. Was made a Major-general in 1865. 




r7*^' 



GEN. PATRICK R. CLEBURNE 



WAS born in Virg-inia of revolutionary stock in 1828. Was 
a g-raduate of the U. S. Military Academy, served in 
the war with Mexico. Joined the Confederacy in 1861: was a 
brave and trusted officer. Participated in the Battle of Chick- 
amaug-a as Major-g-eneral. 




COMRADE JAMES C. BOHART. 

BORN December 12th, 1848, near Otisco, Clark Co., Indiana. 
Removed to trraham, Missouri, in 1864, and in June of that 
year enlisted in Co. I 48th Missouri Infantry, which was 
assig-ned to the 16th Army Corps Department of the Cumberland 
under Georg-e H. Thomas, doing* valiant service to the close of 
the war. Is now a member of Abraham Lincoln Post Ko. 91. 
Comrade Bohart is one of the best-known commission men in 
the Union Stock Yards. 



GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. S9 

den had been moving all day from Crawfish 
Springs along the Dry Valley Eoad back of Widow 
Glenn's, through McFarland's Gap, toward Chatta- 
nooga, guarded by Minty's Brigade of cavalry, 
which bivouacked after nightfall about two miles 
south of Kossville. 

E. McCook's Division of cavalry bivouacked at 
Crawfish Springs, while Crook's Division of cav- 
alry reached Pond Springs, four miles to the south- 
ward. Withthe departure of Breckenridge's Divi- 
sion from in front of Lee & Gordon's Mill early in 
the evening, all of the enemy's infantry had 
crossed to the west side of Chickamauga Creek be- 
low. Of the troops comprising Bragg's army, the 
division of Breckenridge and Hindman and two 
brigades of Preston had not been seriously en- 
gaged during the day, although under fire. Dur- 
ing the night Kershaw's and Humphrey's Bri- 
gades of McLaw's Division arrived from Virginia 
via Kinggold, and Gist's Brigade came from Kome, 
Ga., where it had been on detached garrison duty. 
General Longstreet, the corps commander, had 
also arrived from Virginia, and reported to Gen- 
eral Bragg at 11 p. m. About midnight General 
Kosecrans decided to retire his lines to better 
grounds to his left, and to refuse his entire right 
wing. Lytle's Brigade w^as withdrawn from Lee & 
Gordon's Mill at 2 a. m., and brought to Widow 



90 GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 

Glenn's, where General Rosecrans had established 
his field headquarters during the forenoon of the 
19th. 

Ly tie's Brigade rejoined the rest of Sheridan's 
Division later when they also had been drawn 
back from the Lafayette Road. Barnes' Bri- 
gade was withdrawn at 2 a. m., from the La- 
fayette Road south of Viniard's, and sent to 
rejoin its own division (Van CI eve), on the 
slope of Mission Ridge, near the Viteto house. 
Davis' Division at 3 a. m. was also moved back of 
Widow Glenn's, while Wood's Division at 5 a. m. 
was marched to the rear and left, to a i^osition in 
reserve on the right of Van Cleve. Wilder's Bri- 
gade of mounted infantry remained in position 
back of Viniard's until 9 a. m. of the 20th, when he, 
too, retired to the rear of Widow Glenn's. In Gen- 
eral Bragg's army a rearrangement of the lines 
had become necessary by reason of the separation 
of divisions belonging to the same army corps 
which had occurred during the day. Hill's Corps 
was reunited b}^ sending Breckenridge's Division 
over to the right of Cleburne during the night, 
but Polk's Corps could not be brought together by 
reason of the separation of Hindman's Division 
from Cheatham's with two Divisions of Hood's 
and one of Buckner's intervening. On the left was 
Preston's Division of Buckner's Corps, having on 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 91 

its right Hindmau of Polk's Corps, aud then John- 
son's and Law's Divisions of Hood's (Longstreet's), 
while in advance of the entire line to the right and 
front of Hood's troops, Stewart's (the other divi- 
sion of Buckner's) had bivouacked fronting north 
and west so close to the enemy that many captures 
were made throughout the night of Federal sol- 
diers who Avandered out of ranks. The army was 
then divided into two wings irrespective of the 
relative positions of corps or divisions, General 
Polk commanding the right, and General Long- 
street the left wing. By retiring his right wing 
during the night General Kosecrans had brought 
together Davis' and Sheridan's Divisions of Mc- 
Cook's Corps, as well as Van Cleve's and Wood's 
Divisions of Crittenden's, but the positions of 
Johnson's of McCook's, and Palmer's Division of 
Crittenden's, where they remained between Baird 
and Reynolds of Thomas' Corps, could not be dis- 
turbed. 

Early on the 20th, General Kosecrans' line ran 
from left to right, as follows, by divisions: Baird, 
Johnson, Palmer, Reynolds, Negiey, Davis and 
Sheridan in front line, with Brannan in reserve in 
the right and rear of Reynolds' and Crittenden's 
two divisions (Van Cleve and Wood), as a reserve 
to the entire line posted west of the Dry Valley 
Road, and on the slope of Mission Ridge. The 



92 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

enemy's line was found to extend considerably be- 
yond Baird's left, which did not suflftciently cover 
the road leading to Eossville. So one of Johnson's 
Brigades (Dodge) was sent to fill the interval until 
Negley's Division could be taken from the line at 
Brotherton and sent to the left of Baird. At 8 :30 
a. m. only John Beatty's Brigade of Negley's Di- 
vision reached Baird's left and was placed in line 
between Dodge and King. Even then Dodge's left 
failed to reach the Eossville Koad by about 200 
yards, and that interval remained unfilled during 
the remainder of the day. Brannan's Division had 
been placed by General Thomas the night of the 
19th behind Eeynolds' as a movable reserve to the 
rest of his line, but as late as 8 a. m. two of Bran- 
nan's Brigades, Connell and Croxton, had moved 
to the front without the knowledge of General 
Thomas, up to a line behind King's Brigade of Eey- 
nolds' Division, and thence connecting with Neg- 
ley's Division. 

At the council held at midnight on the 19th it 
had been decided to move Negley's Division to the 
left of Baird, thereby leaving Eeynolds' Division 
as the right of Thomas' new line, but at 6 a. m., on 
the 20th, not only this had not been done, but part 
of Brannan's Division had been moved forward 
from his position in reserve at Dyer's; Thomas' 
general reserve had been disposed of without in- 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 93 

forming him. At 6 a. m., orders were sent Gen- 
eral McCook to replace Negley by one of his divi- 
sions. Finally at 9:30 a. m., Wood's Division of 
Crittenden's Corps moved forward to Negley's 
line and Negley's remaining two brigades pro- 
ceeded toward the left of Baird, where the enemy 
Avas then attacking furiously. The line before the 
attack ran by brigades from left to right as fol- 
lows: Dodge, Beatty, King, Scribner, Stark- 
weather, Berry (with Willich in reserve); Cruft, 
llazen (with Grose in reserve); Turchin, Croxton, 
Connell (with Van Derveer in reserve); Barnes, 
Marker, Buell, Carlin (with Martin in reserve) ; Lia- 
boldt, Lytle and Walworth. Beyond the right of 
Walworth was posted Harrison's regiment of 
mounted infantry. Two miles av\ ay at Crawfish 
Springs, Mitchell's two divisions of cavalr^^ under 
Crooks and E. M. McCook were confronted b}^ 
Wheeler's two divisions of cavalry under Wharton 
and Martin. 

To the left in front of Rossville at McAffee's 
church Gordon Granger's three brigades remained 
in position, while Minty's Brigade of cavalry was 
sent forward northeast to Missionary mills on 
Chickamauga Creek to reconnoitre. The distance 
from Granger's position to Baird's was over three 
miles. Van Cleve w^ith two brigades, Beatty's and 
Dick's, remiiined in reserve behind Brannan. 



94 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

Barnes' Brigade had been sent away with Wood. 
Negley with two brigades was in motion toward 
Baird. 

The two wings of General Bragg's army as 
formed for attack ran as follows, from right to left: 
Forrest's two divisions of cavalry (Pegram's and 
Armstrong's — the latter dismounted), Brecken- 
ridge, Cleburne, Stewart, Bushrod Johnson, and 
Hindman in the front line, with Walker's two di- 
visions (Gist and Liddell) to the right and rear of 
Breckenridge. Law and Kershaw in the rear of 
Bushrod Johnson, forming a column of three di- 
visions under General Hood. Preston's Division 
to tlie left and rear of Hindman, and Cheatham's 
Division of five brigades in reserve behind Stewart 
in the center. Forrest's Cavalry, Breckenridge, 
Walker's two divisions (Cleburne and Cheatham) 
constituted the right wing under General Polk, 
while the left wing under General Longstreet was 
composed of the divisions of Stewart, B. K. John- 
son, Law, Kershaw, Hindman and Preston. To 
Polk was intrusted the renewal of the attack on 
the Federal left, to be made successively from 
right to left, Breckenridge's Division commencing 
at daylight, thus in a general way continuing the 
order of battle as announced in General Bragg's 
circular of the 18th. But for some reason Gen- 
eral Polk had left his command and crossed the 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 95 

creek to some retired spot, perhaps, for a night 
of quiet repose, which would better enable him to 
enter upon the desperate work which he knew 
awaited him on the morrow. To the great disap- 
pointment of General Bragg no opening gun was 
heard on his right when daylight came on Sun- 
day morning, and with anxious longings he strode 
back and forth, or hurriedly wrote an order and 
dispatched an orderly to his right to learn the 
cause of the delay. This was repeated several 
times and the final report was that Polk could not 
be found. As a last resort General Bragg rode in 
person to the right and dispatched an oflScer 
across the river, who found General Polk and 
asked for an explanation concerning his tardi- 
ness. His reply was that he proposed to give his 
men time to cook their breakfast before he ordered 
an attack. General Hill was guilty of the same of- 
fense and the}^ were both relieved of their com- 
mands soon after the battle by General Bragg. 
For this reason the attack was delayed until 9:30 
a. m., thereby giving time for General Rosecrans 
to readjust his line and to materially strengthen 
his position with logs and breastworks. 

The Union center was back of the Brotherton 
field, and the left ran along the south and east 
sides of the Kelly field. Breckenridge was in front 
of Baird's position on the Union left, and at 9:30 



96 GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 

a. m. lie advanced upon Baird with Helm's Bri- 
gade on the left, Stovall in the center, and Adams 
on the right. Helm's Brigade advancing, came 
under heavy fire from the front, and an enfilading 
fire of infantry and artillery from the left. The 
formation from right to left was Sixth and Fourth 
Kentucky, Forty-first Alabama, Ninth and Second 
Kentuck}'. In advancing, the Sixth and Fourth 
Kentucky and seven companies of the Forty-first 
Alabama passed to the right of the Union breast- 
works and continued with the rest of the division 
to the Lafayette Road, driving two regiments of 
John Beatty's Brigade before it, and capturing 
two guns of Bridge's Battery immediately west of 
the road. The Second and Ninth Kentucky and 
three companies of the Forty-first Alabama struck 
the breastworks and were repulsed in three suc- 
cessive assaults. General Helm was killed on this 
ground while rallying his line in its recoil from one 
of these assaults — a monument of shells marks the 
spot. 

Stovall and Adams reached the Lafayette Road 
with serious opposition, then changing fronts to 
the left, marched south, Adams being on the right 
and Stovall on the left of the Lafayette Road, to a 
point in the Kelly field quite in rear of the Union 
left. Beatty with a ]3ortion of his force first 
strongly resisted and then with the help of Stan- 




LEE AND GORDON'S MILL. 



THIS old frame structure, standing- on the west bank of 
Chickamaug-a Creek, is one of the most important land- 
marks of the Civil War. Its old water-wheel and dam 
are still there as in September, 1863, when it separated two 
might}^ armies, and g-roiind out the grists of corn, first for the 
Johneys and then for the Yanks, while the water ^vas nearly 
crimsoned with human blood. As we stand and look upon the 
mill and stream, and contrast the wonderfvil chang-e that has 
been made in all this section since the close of the wnr, we 
are ready to declare that the South, though a failure in war, 
is triumphant in peace. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 97 

ley's Brigade of Negle^^'s Division, which had been 
ordered to the left of Baird at G a. m., but had just 
arrived, checked the advance of ^\danis' Brigade, 
Adams being wounded and captured by the Nine- 
teenth Illrnois Regiment. At this point Van Der- 
veer's Brigade of Brannan's Division on its way to 
assist Baird, emerged from the woods on the west 
of the road, wheeled into the face of StovalPs Bri- 
gade, charged it, and drove it back, pursuing to a 
point 100 yards north of the Kell}^ field. From this 
line, assisted by the brigades of Grose and Dodge, 
and parts of Willich's and Berry's Brigades, de- 
tachments from Palmer's and Johnson's Divisions, 
Breckenridge's whole Division was driven back 
and around the Union left and was withdrawn 
towards its original position of the morning, and 
was replaced b}^ Gist's and Liddell's Division of 
Walker's Corps. Gist with his own Brigade (Col- 
quitt) moved to the attack supported by Wilson 
and Ector over the ground from w^hich Helm's 
Brigade had been repulsed. Its left was enfiladed 
from the east salient of the Union line. The bri- 
gade wheeled to the left till parallel to the regu- 
lar brigade at the left of General Baird's line and 
attacked it. Colquitt advancing came in contact 
with the left of Baird and met with a murderous 
fire. Wilson and Ector, the supporting brigades, 
being reduced to 500 men each, could do but little 



98 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

toward the support of Colquitt. After tliirt}' min- 
utes of liard fighting, during which one-third of the 
men, and all but two of the field oflflcers were killed 
or wounded, and Colonel Colquitt being killed, 
the brigade fell back fighting to its first position. 
Goran's Brigade of Liddell's Division being 
formed on the low ground east of the grade at the 
rear of the Kelly field was moving w^estward, when 
it was ordered to change directions to the left and 
advance to the assistance of Gist. Before Govan 
reached him, Gist had been repulsed. Continuing 
the circular movement to the left, Govan's left reg- 
iment struck the log works at the Union left, his 
right continued to press the eneni}^ across an open 
field south to McDonald's, and crossing the Lafay- 
ette Road swung into the rear of the Union left. 
The brigade being isolated was enfiladed, over- 
lapped and broken, endangering the right, which 
was driving the enemy. To avoid capture the bri- 
gade retired by a circuitous route westward and 
northward. Reaching the glade it was again 
formed on the low ground east of it. At 9 :15 a. m., 
Polk's Brigade of Cleburne's Division, with 
Wood's Brigade on its left, and two batteries 
formed on the left of Breckenridge's Division on 
its right, moved forward on a line about a half 
mile east of the Kelly field and attacked the Union 
breastworks on the crest. After terrific fighting 



GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 99 

for an hour and a half, being out of ammunition, 
the brigade fell back 400 yards, where it remained 
until 4 p. m. WalthalPs Brigade of LiddelFs Divi- 
sion formed on the left of Govan's Brigade and 
was sent to assist Polk's Brigade. Beaching the 
vicinity of Polk's line, the brigade attacked the 
Union works and w^as enfiladed from their east 
salient. Its left was driven back, the right was 
ordered to cease firing, and the brigade then re- 
tired and was moved to the low ground east of the 
glade, where it formed with Govan on its left; both 
brigades remained here until about 5 p. m. 
Cheatham, on account of his severe losses on the 
previous day, was not used in this assault upon 
our left, and now Cleburne and Breckenridge 
were in no better condition. The fact being estab- 
lished that the Union lines at this point were 
stronger than the enemy, they were not disturbed 
again and withdrew from the i3osition in the even- 
ing. Thomas had sent for Brannan's Division, 
which, according to the agreement of the council 
held at midnight, w^as to have been left for a 
movable reserve, but which had without his 
knowledge been moved to the front line at Poe's. 
Brannan being under attack at the moment of re- 
ceiving the order held the line, but in partial com- 
pliance sent Van Derveer's Brigade, which ar- 
rived just in time to save the Union left as has 



100 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

been before related. Upon the supposition that 
Brannan had obeyed the order to move to the sup- 
port of the left, General Rosecrans ordered Wood 
at 10:45 a. m. to close rapidly on Reynolds and sup- 
port him. Wood, who must have known that the 
order could not have been right, obeyed it literally, 
drew out of the line and moved to the rear of Bran- 
nan toward Reynolds, leaving a gap in the Union 
center. Barnes' Brigade at the beginning of the 
movement was dispatched to Baird's support on 
the extreme left. Just as Barkers Brigade, mov- 
ing next in rear of Barnes, had gained the rear of 
Brannan, Hood's column of Longstreet's Corps 
emerging from the forest east of the Brotherton 
house with Johnson's Division in advance, fol- 
lowed by Law and Kershaw, attacked at 11 a. m. 
Johnson's Division passed through the gap made 
by Wood's Division at once and pursued Buell's 
Brigade, which he had struck in flank as they were 
clearing the gap to and beyond the Dyer house. 

Hood's Corps, consisting of Law, Robertson, Ker- 
shaw, Benning and Humphrey's Brigades, follow- 
ing Johnson, attacked Brannan's Division, forcing- 
it to the rear. Barker's Brigade of Wood's Divi- 
sion, which was moving to the left toward Rey- 
nolds, hastily turned back into the Dyer field and 
formed facing south met Law's Division of Hood's 
advancing column and effectually checked its ad- 




GEN. JOHN B. HOOD. 

BORN in Kentucky in 1S30. Died of yellow fever in New 
Orleans in 1879. Was a graduate of West Point; left the 
United States army and joined the Confederates in 18G1, 
receiving" the appointment of Brig-adier-g-eneral. Was pro- 
moted to INIajor-g-eneral in 1SG3, and commanded the largest 
division of Long-street's corps at Gettysburg. He lost a leg" at 
Chickamaug-a; superseded Johnston in 18G4, and was in the 
defense of Atlanta in July of that year. Was defeated at 
Nashville, driven into Alabama, and was relieved of command 
by General R. Taylor. 



102 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

left Martin took position in line on the left of Car- 
lin. At 11:15 Davis was attacked by Hood's and 
Hindnian's troops and both flanks were soon en- 
veloped. After brief and desperate fighting, and 
in spite of assistance from Liaboldt's and Lytle's 
Brigade of Sheridan's Division the troops w^ere 
overwhelmed and driven over Lytle's Brigade, 
Here General Lytle was killed wdiile rallying his 
troops. The spot where he fell is marked by a shell 
monument. The brigade was consequently driven 
off the field, and Davis withdrew hastily and was 
pursued by Deas' and Anderson's Brigade of Hind- 
man's Division and the Tenth and Nineteenth 
South Carolina Eegiments of Manigault's Brigade 
to the crest of the high ground west of the Craw- 
fish Spring Boad. Davis withdrew still farther to 
McFarland's Gap. Manigault's Brigade of Hind- 
man' s Division upon reaching the vicinity of 
Widow Glenn's was attacked by Wilder's Brigade 
and Harrison's Regiment of mounted infantry, 
and its three left regiments were repulsed and 
forced back across the Lafayette Road. At the 
time of the break in tlie lines at Brotherton's 
house, General Rosecrans was on the high ground 
east of the Viteto house overlooking the Dyer field. 
He rode to the right to hasten the movements of 
Sheridan's troops from tlie vicinity of Widow 
Glenn's to the left. He found himself cut off from 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 103 

the left of the army with Sheridan's and Davis' 
Divisions, as were also Crittenden and McCook. 
Eosecrans proceeded by the Dry Vallej- Road to 
Chattanooga, leaving General Thomas in com- 
mand of the field. Thus the Confederate main col- 
umn of attack, favored by the movements of the 
four Union brigades and the gap made in the line 
by Wood's Division, broke the Union line in the 
center; separated Davis and Sheridan's Divisions 
from the rest of the army, broke and crowded 
Wood's, Van Cleve and Brannan's Divisions and 
part of Reynolds' Brigade to the left and rear of 
the break, captured nine pieces of artillery, stam- 
peded the teamsters, who unhitched and rode off 
the horses, leaving thirty wagons of ammunition 
and three cannons in the hands of the Confeder- 
ates. The Union right and a portion of the left 
was crushed and their former lines were marked 
by hundreds of killed and thousands of wounded 
soldiers, who were lying scattered through the 
w^oods and open fields in the rear, while the am- 
munition trains and cannon and ambulances of 
half an army were falling into the hands of the 
Confederates. Union prisoners were hurried 
through the enemy's lines in droves, the Confeder- 
ates shouting the while at the victory almost 
gained. General Brannan, who, when the head of 
Hood's column pierced the Union lines at Broth- 



104 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

erton's house had been, after stout resistance, 
forced back in considerable disorder, rapidly ral- 
lied on Horseshoe Ridge, where he also gathered 
other forces and fragments of other regiments, 
numbering in all about 2,500. The forces under 
General Thomas * on Snodgrass Hill were ar- 
ranged as follows, from left to right: 

Hazen's Brigade of Palmer's Division, Harker's 
Brigade of Wood's Division, Stanley's Brigade of 
Negley's Division, part of Croxton's and Connell's 
Brigades of Brannan's Division. This short, thin 
line on the hill was made up of men who had de- 
termined to fight till the last. The top of this ridge 
was ver}^ narrow and was well adapted for de- 
fense. The troops could mount the elevation, fire 
at the enemy, and falling back a few paces could 
reload in safety, being entirely protected from the 
enemy by a natural breastwork. It was the same 
with the artillery — after loading, the piece was run 
forward a few paces, fired, and the recoil would 
send it far enough back to be reloaded in safety. 
The Confederate forces taking part in the assault 
on Snodgrass Hill were composed of eleven bri- 
gades, as follows: 

Gregg's (Sugg's) Brigade; McNair's and Fulton's 
Brigades of Johnson's Division of Hood's Corps; 
Kershaw's and Humphrey's Brigades of Ker- 
shaw's Division, Hood's Corps; Gracie's, Trigg's 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 105 

and Kelly's Brigades, Preston's Division, Buck- 
ner's Corps; Anderson's, Deas' and Manigault's 
Brigades of Hindman's Divisions of Polk's Corps. 
While these Confederate forces are preparing to 
assault the ridge let us again look at the Union 
left around the Kelly field. At 11 a. m. Arm- 
strong's Division of Forrest's Cavalry Corps cap- 
tured the Union hospitals at the Cloud house and 
spring, after which there was almost no fighting 
along the Kelly field front. The troops of both 
sides rested on their arms listening to the sounds 
of the guns as assault after assault was made on 
KSnodgrass Hill. After being repeatedly repulsed, 
Fulton's Brigade of Johnson's Division crossed 
the ridge and came into the rear of Brannan, 
whose troops had used their last cartridge and 
were standing behind their bayonets. All seemed 
lost; but not so, Gordon Granger, three miles 
away at McAffee's church, an hour and a half ago, 
judging by the firing that General Thomas was 
hard pressed, marched in haste with Steedman's 
Division to his assistance, guided by the sound of 
the guns and without orders. While passing near 
Cloud house on the Lafayette road, Forrest's Cav- 
alry attacked his flank, but without delaying him. 
He deployed Whittaker's Brigade upon the high 
ground west of this road and drove the enemy's 
cavalry away from the Union hospital at Cloud 



106 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

Springs, seut back for McCook's Brigade, and post- 
ing it on the crest next south of the Cloud house 
and west of McDonald'Sj rapidly pressed on with 
the rest of his command; and at the head of Steed- 
man's reached Snodgrass Hill and attacked John- 
son's troops, who had appeared in the rear of Bran- 
nan, with great vigor, and by fighting which cost 
at least a third of the men engaged, drove them 
back to their guns near Viteto. Van Derveer's bri- 
gade arrived at this time from its engagement in 
the north end of the Kelly field and further 
strengthened Brannan's lines. It had also 
marched without orders toward the sound of the 
guns as had Granger. Van Derveer's Battery was 
engaged throughout the afternoon at the Snod- 
grass house, where it had been posted by General 
Negley about 11 a. m. Colonel Stanley's Brigade 
was divided, the Eighteenth Ohio being j)laced to 
the left of Van Derveer's Battery (Fourteenth 
United States Artillery) as a support. The Elev- 
enth Michigan on the left of the front line and the 
Nineteenth on the right joining General Brannan. 
Colonel Stanley was wounded about noon and 
Colonel Stoughton took command. At 2 p. m., Ker- 
shaw's Division assaulted Ilarker's line at the 
crest, but after several desperate attacks lasting 
an hour was repulsed. At 3 p. m., another assault 
was delivered lasting until after 4 o'clock, with 




GEN. JAMES B. STEEDMAN 



WAS born in Pennsylvania in 1818. Was Colonel of Ohio 
Volunteers in 1 861. Was appointed Brig-adier-g-eneral in 
1863, disting-uished himself at the battle of Perryville, 
commanded a division of the Reserve Corps of the Army of the 
Cumberland in 1863, and was commissioned Major-g-eneral for 
disting-uished services in the battle of Chickamaug-a. Served in 
the Atlanta Campaign, and when Sherman departed for the sea 
joined General Thomas in Tennessee and participated in the 
battle of Nashville. In 1886 he became Revenue Collector at 
New Orleans, 




GENERAL JOHN M. PALMER 

WAS born in Kentucky in 1817, became a ] esident of Illinois 
in 1S33, was admitted to the bar in 1840, served in the 
State Senate from 1852 to 1854, Avas a deleg'ate to the Peace 
Convention in 18G1. Immediately upon his return org-anized 
the 14th Illinois reg-iment, and was iinder Freemont in Missouri. 
Was at the capture of New Madrid and Island No. 10, and for 
bravery was made a Brig-adier-general. Was a division com- 
mander under Grant and Rosecrans in 1863. For gallant con- 
duct at the battle of Stone River was made a Major-g-eneral. 
Was made Commander of the 14th Army Corps for heroism at 
the battle of Chickamauga. Elected GoA'^ernor of Illinois in 
1869, and is at present United States Senator. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 107 

similar results. Kershaw's assaults were of the 
most impetuous and stubborn character. Grade's 
and Kell3^'s Brigades of Prestou's DiAdsion (fresh 
troops) shortly before 5 p. m. attacked the fronts 
of Harker, Stanley and Brannan. The attack 
lasted over an hour. It failed in front of Har- 
ker, although Gracie obtained possession of 
the salient of the Union line in Stanley's center, 
now commanded by Stoughton, and held it for an 
hour, but was finally forced to retire. Granger's 
troops, after fighting with -great intensity until 
sundown, being out of ammunition, withdrew 
under orders to the next ridge in the rear, followed 
by the enemy to the foot of the ridge. Kelly's Bri- 
gade of Preston's Division, after having failed in 
the attack on Harker, Stanley and Brannan, bore 
to the left and as they reached the crest of the 
ridge found themselves confronted by three Union 
regiments, the Eighty-ninth and Twenty-first Ohio, 
and Twenty-second Michigan, which had been left 
on this line by mistake when Granger's troops 
withdrew at sunset to the next ridge in the rear. 
Trigg's Brigade having passed to the left of Kel- 
ly's crossed the ridge at dusk and turned to the 
right in the rear of these regiments, and acting 
in conjunction with Kelly cax)tured a large portion 
of them. These brigades next attem]Dted b}' a simi- 
lar move to capture Van Derveer's Brigade on 



108 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA, 

Brannan's right, but were defeated. This was the 
last engagement on the field. Van Derveer's Bri- 
gade was withdrawn at 7:45 p. m., under the direc- 
tion of Captain Tilly, one of his staff officers. 

It was dark and the fighting had ceased. Grang- 
er's Corps marched to Kossville via McFarland's 
Gap, at 7 p. m. Wood's and Brannan's lines were 
withdrawn from Snodgrass Hill via McFarland's 
Gap to Eossville. At 5 p. m.. General Thomas is- 
sued an order for the withdrawal of 'the troops 
around the KeWj field. Keynold's Division moved 
first, being withdrawn without molestation by col- 
umns of brigades moving northward on each side 
of the Lafayette Road to the fields south of McDon- 
ald's and supported a charge of Turchin's Brigade 
(Willich assisting) along the front of Liddell's 
Division, forcing it eastward to the Lafayette 
Road, capturing most of his skirmishers and pass- 
ing the front of McCook's Brigade, formed in the 
rear to the left, and together with Willich's Bri- 
gade, after covering the withdrawal of the rest of 
the Kelly field line, it withdrew to Rossville. Pal- 
mer's Division next moved in columns of regiments 
at long intervals, encountering a severe artillery 
fire from both flanks, but suffering little loss, and 
crossing the Lafayette Road i)roceeded to Ross- 
ville. At 5 :30, Jolmson was ordered to follow Pal- 
mer in withdrawing. 




THE KELLY HOUSE. 



THE center of the great battle-field of Chickamauga; fight- 
ing to the South of it, North of it, East of it, West of it. 
Here the troops of Thomas' Corps halted at daylight on Sep- 
tember 19th, 1863, and formed the extreme Union left. After 
an all-night march, and before the boys could make a cup of 
coffee, the battle opened a mile east, at Jay's Mill, and the order 
"Fall in" was given. Soon a general engagement was on, last- 
ing until 1 p. M., leaving this field strewn with the dead and 
wounded. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 109 

Being heavily attacked at this moment Johnson 
and Baird maintained their lines for a short time 
and then withdrew in haste and some disorder to 
the woods west of the Kelly field. They were not 
followed into the forest and moved thence into 
Eossville by way of McFarland's Gap. That por- 
tion of our army which had ben forced off the field 
earlier in the day had retreated to Rossville so that 
the whole of the army was now at Rossville, ex- 
cept Van elevens Division, which had been sent to 
Chattanooga. The army was now placed in posi- 
tion to guard Rossville Gap and Missionary Ridge 
to the right and left of it, and the valley to Look- 
out Mountain. Rosecrans^ object in withdrawing 
was to again place his army firmly between Bragg 
and Chattanooga; it remained in this position 
throughout the 21st, marching to Chattanooga 
during the night, and on Tuesday the 22d its lines 
were firmly established around the city. So the 
Army of the Cumberland had accomplished the ob- 
ject of its cami)aign. 

Rosecrans^ loss during the battle was 16,179; 
this includes 1,771 missing, many of whom were 
either killed or wounded. 

Bragg's losses were 17,801. 

The total loss for each army was about 33 per 
cent, on each side for the troops actually engaged. 



110 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 



CHAPTER IX. 
THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND AT CHATTANOOGA. 

During the night of the 21st the Union forces 
were withdrawn to Chattanooga, and by evening 
of the 22d its lines had been formed and rifle pits 
thrown up completely covering the front of the 
city. 

Bragg at once ordered a general movement upon 
Chattanooga, his intrenched lines commencing at 
Tunnel Hill, the north end of Missionary Kidge, fol- 
lowed the crest to Ilossville, and across Chatta- 
nooga Valley to the point of Lookout Mountain, 
which was strongly fortified. General Stevenson 
being in command with 15,000 men, and artillery 
placed so as to command the river. Confederate 
troops were also stationed in Lookout Valle}^ and 
on Raccoon Mountain, with pickets extending 
down the river, commanding the road on the north 
bank, and rendering it useless to the Union army. 
This confined the Federal lines of supplies to the 
mountain road over Walden^s Ridge, making 
Bragg's investment complete. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. Ill 

Thus the Confederates, with a vastly superior 
force, were fortified to the east, south and west, 
and commanded the river below. Practically the 
Army of the Cumberland was besieged. 

Bragg advanced skirmishers along his front on 
September 25 to find whether the Union forces 
were evacuating. Discovering Confederates in 
force on Lookout Mountain, General Eosecrans 
placed McCook's Corps at Moccasin Point, oppo- 
site Lookout. It was not considered possible for 
Bragg to carry the Union works, but early in Oc- 
tober the Federal forces became very short of 
rations, and unless supplies could be obtained the 
evacuation of Chattanooga was but a question of 
time. General Grant was assigned to the com- 
mand of the Union forces, which were known as 
the Department of the Ohio and of the Cumber- 
land, on the 16th of October, but did not arrive 
in Chattanooga until the 23d of that month. By 
request of General Grant, General Thomas suc- 
ceeded General Eosecrans on October 19th. The 
Eleventh and Twelfth Corps of the Army of the 
Potomac, composed of two divisions each, under 
General Hooker, reached Bridgeport, September 
30. The movements of the four divisions of iGrrant's 
army from the Mississippi to Chattanooga began 
at Vicksburg, September 23. November 18th, Gen- 
eral Sherman's troops reached Lookout Valley. 



112 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

During October both the Union and the Confeder- 
ate armies were reorganized. Grant at once began 
operations for the reopening of the Tennessee 
Kiver to Bridgeport. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 113 



CHAPTER X. 

BATTLE OF BROWN'S FERRY. 

In less than thirty days after the battle of Chick- 
amaiiga, Chattanooga was securely fortified. On 
October 1st, Wheeler^s Cavalry crossed the Ten- 
nessee Kiver, moved up the Sequatchie Valley and 
attacked our wagon trains at Anderson's Cross- 
roads, capturing and destroying over 300 wagons, 
loaded with rations for the troops at Chatta- 
nooga. The timely arrival in this vicinity of 
Colonel E. M. McCook with his cavalry division 
doubtless saved further loss of supplies as Wheeler 
was driven with great loss to the south side of the 
river, and some 800 mules were recaptured. The 
loss of these wagons, with the roads becoming al- 
most impassable, owing to the heavy rains, les- 
sened daily the amount of rations so that the 
troops were suffering for food. The only hope of 
obtaining supplies was the reopening of the Ten- 
nessee River to Bridgeport. General Rosecrans 
was anxiously awaiting the arrival of General 



114 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

Hooker at the latter poiut, so that he might throw 
his pontoons across the river, cross with his forces, 
and move on to Chattanooga. Upon the arrival of 
General Hooker, October 1st, it was fonnd that he 
had turned in his wagon trains at Alexandria, ex- 
pecting to be refitted at Nashville, the crossing 
was consequently delayed. 

October 19th, General Eosecrans made a careful 
survey of the river and selected Brown's Ferry as 
the most available point for a crossing. The bridge 
was finally placed there b}^ General Smith, in ac- 
cordance with General Rosecrans' plans. A glance 
at the map will convince you that "Old Rosy" was 
a schemer. Brown's Ferry Avas beyond reach of 
the Confederate batteries on Lookout, situated on 
the old stage road to Nashville, and crossing Moc- 
casin Point at the narrow neck, the distance from 
Chattanooga was onl}^ about six miles. Boats 
could ascend the river to the ferry and the wagon 
haul would then be only a few miles, and if Gen- 
eral Hooker could march along the south side of 
the river from Bridgeport to the ferry, and if the 
plans of Rosecrans should prove successful, two 
wagon roads would be open to Bridgeport, one on 
the north and one on the south side of the river. 

Immediately after the battle of Chickamauga, 
under orders from the War Department, the Twen- 
tieth and Twenty-first Army Corps were consoli- 



GLIMPSES OP CHlCiCAMAUGA. 115 

dated, and designated the Fourth Army Corps: 
Gordon Granger was placed in command. Mc- 
Cook and Crittenden were relieved from the com- 
mand of these corps and were ordered north to 
await a court of inquiry upon their conduct on Sep- 
tember 19 and 20. By War Department orders of 
October 16 the Departments of the Ohio, the Cum- 
berland, and the Tennessee, were constituted the 
military divisions of the Mississippi, under the 
command of General U. S. Grant. By the same 
order. General Rosecrans was relieved of the com- 
mand of the Department and Army of the Cum- 
berland, and General Thomas was assigned to that 
command. Halleck in his report of operations 
for the year 1863, says: ^'This change was made 
on recommendation of General Grant, October 19." 
On Rosecrans' return from the visit to Brown's 
Ferry, and Williams' Island on the 19th, he found 
the order awaiting him, relieving him of his com- 
mand. Quietly making preparations for his de- 
parture that night, over the mountains to Steven- 
son, he wrote out his farewell order to be issued 
and printed the next day, and without even bid- 
ding his staff good-bye, placed Thomas in com- 
mand and started for his home in Cincinnati. 
Rosecrans, in the summer of 1862, was under 
Grant at luka and Corinth. Here some hasty criti- 
cisms nmde by him brought him into collision with 



116 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

Grant, which now bore fniit. When it was known 
that Rosecrans had been relieved and had left the 
army for the north, there was universal regret 
among the troops, who had loved and trusted him, 
and could no longer follow his skillful leadership. 
Every soldier in his army felt that he had a per- 
sonal friend in "Old Rosy." They felt that he had 
been made the victim of a foolish interpretation of 
an order that brought ruin and disaster upon his 
army, for which he was not responsible, but for 
which he was made to suffer. General Rosecrans 
to his subordinates, was one of the most genial of 
men, kind and good uatured. 

His restless activity- led him to give attention to 
detail that he should have been entirely relieved 
of by his subordinates. During his campaigns he 
lived almost without rest and sleep, and would 
w^ear out two sets of staff officers nightly. To his 
superiors he, unfortunately, allowed his high 
spirit to get the better of his judgment, and many 
times when he was in the right he ruined his posi- 
tion by his hasty temper. His fame, despite his 
enemies (and no general in the field had stronger 
or more unscrupulous ones), as the greatest strate- 
gist of the war, is permanently fixed in history. 
He had faithfully performed his duty up to this 
time, but now the surroundings were so changed 
that both for his sake and the good of the service 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 117 

the change was a fitting one to be made. Rose- 
crans could never again serve as a subordinate to 
General Grant. Early in 1861, General Anderson, 
in the Department of Kentucky, applied for Geo. 
II. Thomas to be one of his lieutenants. Mr. Lin- 
coln told him he was afraid to give the order as 
Thomas was a southerner from Virginia. Sher- 
man and Anderson both responded in the strong- 
est terms, vouching for Thomas' earnest patriot- 
ism and deep devotion to the Union, and the order 
was given. The wisdom of their choice has been 
fully verified. His fame had steadily grown and 
rounded from the time he gained the first Federal 
victory at Mill Springs up to the battle of Chicka- 
mauga, where he saved the Army of the Cumber- 
land to the Nation. He had always been the main- 
stay of that army, holding the command of the cen- 
ter, yet so modest was he, that his face would color 
with blushes when his troops cheered him, which 
the}' did at every opportunity. His kind consid- 
erations for the feelings of others, was one of his 
marked characteristics. With j)ure mind and 
large heart, his noble soul made him one of the 
greatest of nature's noblemen, "A true gentleman." 
The experience of Chickamauga ripened his pow- 
ers and developed him to his full height. As the 
general who won the first victory in the West, who 
saved an army by his skill and valor, George II. 



118 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

Thomas, the true soldier, the prudent and un- 
daunted commander, the modest incorruptible 
patriot, stands as the model American soldier — 
the grandest figure of the "War of the Rebellion." 
One of Grant's first orders on taking command was 
to telegraph Thomas to hold Chattanooga at all 
hazards. 

The commander who had seen his troops on less 
than half rations for nearly a month, with stead- 
ily approaching signs of starvation, hardly needed 
an intimation that what had been gained by the 
sacrifice on Chickamauga's field, was not to be 
yielded up without a str-uggle. Thomas replied: 
"We will hold the town till we starve." 

That was what Pragg was quietly waiting for. 
He knew that unless new lines of supplies were 
opened up, the evacuation of the place was only 
a question of time, and he would then take undis- 
puted possession. As the forage became reduced 
the artillery horses, for which there was no im- 
mediate need, had their rations cut off and died in 
large numbers — starved to death. The supplies 
grew so small that parts of crackers and corn, 
dropped in handling the packages, were seized and 
eaten to stay the demands of hunger, and still the 
pressure was growing daily, and no one knew how 
it would end. However, not for an instant, was the 
idea entertained of abandonino- the town. The 



GLD.IF~i:;3 OF CHICKAMAUGA. 119 

AriiiY of the Cumberland had won Chattanooga 
and there they proposed remaining. 

Upon General Grant's arrival in Chattanooga, 
October 23, Kosecrans' plans were explained to 
him by General Thomas and approved. He at once 
proceeded to execute them and gave General 
KSmith command of the movement from Chatta- 
nooga. 

As has beez stated Brown's Ferry was the point 
selected as the place for throwing the bridge. At 
the ferry, a ridge runs parallel to the river on the 
south side. The road to Chattanooga crosses it 
through a narrow gap or depression. The Confed- 
erates held this ridge, and their j^ickets extended 
from Raccoon Mountain to Chattanooga Creek. 
Acording to the proposed plan, General Hooker 
was to cross the river, march along the south bank 
to Wauhatchie and the ferry, and occupy Lookout 
Valley. General Thomas was to seize the ferry, 
and the troops assigned to him for this purpose 
were Turchin's Brigade, Baird's Division, Four- 
teenth Corps and Hazen's Brigade, Wood's Divi- 
sion, Fourth Corps. 

Captain P. V. Fox of the Michigan Mechanics 
and Engineers, who had charge of the boat and 
bridge construction, i^repared lifty pontoons, and 
on the night of October 20, 1,500 men, under com- 
mand of Gr^ueral Ilazen, were put on board at 



120 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

Chattanooga Landing. General Smith accompan- 
ied the expedition. By previous calculations the 
starting was so timed that they should reach the 
ferry about daybreak. They rowed across the river 
and started down on the north side, proceeding 
without being discovered by the Confederate pick- 
ets, who were on the south shore. Guided by sig- 
nal lights they reached the ferry, surprised the 
Confederates in charge, captured it and imme- 
diately rowed across the river, where the troops 
who had marched down under General Turchin 
awaited them. These crossed rapidly and occu- 
pied tbe points below, the position above being oc- 
cupied by Hazen's troops. The men were at 
once set to work felling timber, and by daylight 
the position was well fortified. The losses were 
6 killed, 23 wounded and missing. The only Con- 
federate force west of Lookout Mountain after the 
capture of Brown's Ferry were two regiments of 
Law's Brigade of Hood's Division. In the engage- 
ment at the ferry. Colonel W. C. Gates of the Fif- 
teenth Alabama was seriously wounded. General 
Hooker's trains arrived at Bridgeport dn the 2r)th, 
and on the morning of the 27tli he crossed the river, 
and in obedience to orders marched eastward, 
reaching Wauhatchie at 3 }:>. m. of the 28th. Gen- 
eral Geary's troops bivouacked near the village, 
the Eleventh Corps moving on to the ferry. The 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 121 

Union forces were now in full control of Lookout 
Valley, and the river to Brown's Ferry, as well as 
the Avagon roads on both sides of the river to Chat- 
tanooga, thus affording a complete line of com- 
munication. 



122 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 



4 



CHAPTER XL 

THE BATTLE OF WAUHATCHIE. 

On October 27 and 28, General Hooker moved his 
troops along the base of the Raccoon Mountain 
into Lookont Valley. The Confederate pickets re- 
tiring before him, he occupied the roads to Kell^^'s 
and Brown's Ferries through the yalley. In the 
afternoon of the 28th, Howard's Corps, which was 
in advance, was met by a sharp volley of musketry 
from the Avoods near the Wills Yalley Railroad. 
Deploying two brigades and advancing, Howard 
drove the Confederates from their cover with the 
loss of a few men. The Confederates as they re- 
treated burned the railroad bridge over Lookout 
Creek. At 3 o'clock on the afternoon of the 28th, 
Hooker's command reached Wauhatchie. The 
Eleventh Corps, under General Howard, marched 
on, reaching Brown's Ferry about 5 p. m., and w^ent 
into camp about a mile up the valley from the 
ferry. With the object of holding the road to 
Kelly's Ferry, Geary's Division w^as ordered to en- 
camp near Wauhatchie, some three miles from 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 123 

Howard's position. As a precautionary measure 
the troops were instructed to rest on their arms 
with cartridge boxes on. About midnight, Long- 
street, who had command of the Confederate force 
in Chattanooga Valley, assaulted General Geary's 
Division with a fierce attack. 

To Law's Brigade, in Lookout Valley, was 
assigned the duty of picketing the river to a point 
six miles below Brown's Ferry. These were the 
troops who had attacked Howard's forces near the 
Wills Valley Railroad. They had heretofore held 
the river road, forcing the Union army to bring its 
supplies over Walden's Ridge. 

General Hooker's advance w^as reported to Gen- 
eral Bragg on the 27th, but he did not credit it. 
However, on the afternoon of the 28th, while he 
was on Lookout Mountain in consultation with 
General Longstreet as to a movement by the latter 
to dislodge the Union forces at Brown's Ferry, 
they saw General Geary's troops arrive at Wau- 
hatchie. 

A night attack was immediately decided upon 
and should this prove successful thej hoped to dis- 
lodge the Union forces at Brown's Ferry by turn- 
ing the attacking force upon them. As the Union 
batteries w^ere so posted on Moccasin Point as to 
sweep the north side of the mountain, the whole 
movement must be executed at night. General 



124 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

Jenkins, who commanded Hood's Division, was at 
once sent for so that he might observe the i)osition 
of the Union forces before night. His three bri- 
gades w^ere at the foot of the mountain at .6 :30 in 
the evening ready to move at dark. General Law 
was to occupy the ridge commanding Brown's 
Ferry, Robertson's Brigade was sent to the sup- 
port of Law on the ridge and was placed on his 
right and left to guard the bridge and picket a line 
to the mouth of Lookout Creek. Shortl}^ after mid- 
night Colonel Bratton, commanding Jenkin's Bri- 
gade, made a desperate assault upon Geary, but 
found him fully prepared, as the troops had 
bivouacked with accouterments on and the out- 
posts had given warning. He immediately formed 
his men in line, and for three hours with heavy 
fighting maintained his position, finally charging 
on the Confederates and driving them beyond his 
front. The Confederates here attacked in vastly 
superior numbers and it was onh^ the skill and 
coolness of Geary, aided by the bravery of his 
troops which defeated them. The Union loss in the 
attack was 76 killed, 339 wounded and 22 missing; 
total, 437. The Confederate loss is not known, but 
General Geary reported burying 153 of the enemy 
on his front, and the capture of 100 prisoners, with 
a number of small arms. 

Work was now rapidly pushed for^^qrd and by 




LEE MANSION, CRAWFISH SPRINGS. 



TTEADQUARTERS of General Rosecrans from September 
16th to 19th, 1863, where he awaited the arrival of 
McCook's Corps from its isolated position at Alpine, suffering- 
the most intense mental agony for the safety of his detached 
troops, in the face of a strongly re-enforced and concentrated 
enemy. 




GENERAL JOHN W. GEARY 

WAS born in Pennsylvania in 1820, and died very suddenly 
at Harrisburg" in 187.i. He served in the w^ar with 
Mexico, was wounded, and fdr g-allant service was made 
Colonel of his regiment. He was the first commander of the 
City of Mexico after its capture. Was the first Mayor of San 
Francisco, in 1848. Was appointed Governor of Kansas in 185G. 
Raised and equipped a regiment of volunteers in IfcGl. Became 
Brig-adier-g-eneral in 1862, commanded the second division of 
the 12th Corps in the battles around Chattanooga in 1863, and 
next to General Hooker was the Hero of Lookout Mountain, 
driving the Confederates from their strongholds 1()( feet above 
the valley. Did good service throughout the war. Was elected 
Governor of Pennsylvania in 1867. 




I 



^^:j;,W 



GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER 



"IITAS born in Massachusetts in 1815. Died at Long Island in 
1879. He was a graduate of West Point, served in the 
Mexican War, was appointed Brigadier-general early in 1861, 
did gallant service in the Army of the Potomac, was styled 
" Fighting Joe Hooker." fought the famous " Battle Above the 
Clouds" on Lookout Mountain in November, 1863, was made a 
Major-geDeral in 1868, and retired from service. 



GLIMPSES OF OHICKAMAUGA. 125 

the 1st of November the siege of Chattanooga was 
ended as far as the undisturbed communication 
with Bridgeport and Stevenson both by river and 
wagon road was concerned. It now remained to 
raise it on the front. General Grant immediate!}^ 
commenced operations for tliis purpose and every 
arrangement being completed he only awaited the 
arrival of General Sherman to attack the Confed- 
erate strongholds at Lookout Mountain, Chatta- 
nooga Valley and Missionary Eidge. 



126 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 



CHAPTER XII. 

THE BATTLE OP CHATTANOOGA, ORCHARD 

KNOB, LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN AND 

MISSIONARY RIDGE. 



ORCHARD KNOB. 

General Thomas received an order from General 
Grant, November 18, to begin the movement 
against Bragg's position on Missionary Ridge, on 
the 21st, at daylight. As it was impossible for 
General Sherman's troops to arrive at that time, 
the battle was postponed, first until Sunday, then 
until Tuesday morning. The same conditions still 
existing, it was postponed until Wednesday. Dur- 
ing the delay attending General Sherman's move- 
ments Generals Grant and Thomas had been fear- 
ful lest General Bragg should obtain a knowledge 
of their plans. A deserter came in on the night of 
the 22nd, who stated that Bragg was withdrawing 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 127 

his army. General Thomas, on the 23d, was di- 
rected to ascertain how much truth there was in 
this statement, by driving in the enemy's pickets 
and finding out whether his camps in the valley 
were still occupied. A force of reconnoissance was 
organized at once, five divisions being posted to 
participate if necessary. Sheridan's and Wood's 
Divisions of Granger's Corps, soon after noon were 
deployed on the slope east of Fort Wood. To the 
left and rear of this line were placed Stein wehr's 
and Schurz' Divisions of Howard's Corps, and to 
its right Baird's Division of Palmer's Corps. Upon 
order to advance being given. Wood's Division 
went forward on the double quick, soon reached, 
and after sharp fighting, occupied the knob. 
Sheridan's Division pressed forward and occupied 
the low elevations to the right and rear of the 
knob. Howard's Corps advanced to Citito Creek. 
It was found that the Confederates still occupied 
their lines in force, but the important position 
which had been gained was strengthened and 
held. Orchard Knob and the hills to the south of 
it were the strong outposts of the Confederate 
line in front of Missionary. Kidge, and were the 
main points of their position in the plain. The 
troops defending them — mainly Anderson's Divi- 
sion — continued fighting until overwhelmed. 



128 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 



BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

On the 22d, General Grant, at the earnest solici- 
tations of General Thomas, consented to allow 
Hooker to make a demonstration against Lookout 
Mountain, with his own troops, and as many of the 
troops of General Sherman as should be upon his 
(Hooker's) side of the river, w^hen General Sher- 
man reached the position assigned him. General 
Sherman's forces were ready to cross the river on 
the 23d, with the exception of Osterhaus' Division, 
which was still detained in Lookout Valley by a 
broken bridge. As it was impossible for Osterhaus 
to cross in time to join General Sherman, he re- 
ported to General Hooker, who was ordered to at- 
tack Lookout. November 24th, at daylight. Gen- 
eral Hooker began his movement. Geary's Divi- 
sion and Whittaker's Brigade of Croft's Division 
took the road toward Lookout Creek and 
crossed that stream just south of Wauhatchie at 
Light's Mill. Cobham's and Ireland's Brigade 
marched directly up the mountain till they 
reached the palisades. . At this time the line faced 
the north point of the mountain. Candy's Brigade 
slightly echeloned to the rear, formed the left, and 
Whittaker the reserve. One and one-half miles 
from his starting point, Geary struck the left of 




GEN. E. C. WALTHALL. 



BORN in Virg-inia in 1831; was taug-ht in the common schools 
of his^ town. In 1861 he entered the Confederacy as 
Lieutenant-colonel of the inth Mississippi reg-iment; was Colonel 
of the 29th Mississippi in 1802, served brilliantly through the 
entire struggle, participating" in the Battle of Chickamaug-a 
and the battles around Chattanooga in 1863. 




GEN. JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE. 

BORN in Kentucky in 1821. Died in Lexing-ton (his native 
town) in 1875. Served in the Mexican W^r Served two 
terms in Cong'ress. Was Vice-President under Buchanan, was 
in the U. S. Senate when the war broke out. was expelled from 
that body in December, 1861, and joined the Confederacy. Was 
made Major-g-eneral, commanded a division at Chickamaug-a. 
was Secretary of War under Jefferson Davis when the war 
closed, when he departed for Europe, returning- to his native 
state in a short time. 



GLIMPSES OP CHICKAMAUGA. 129 

WalthalFs works. Osterhaiis' Division and Grose's 
Brigade of Croft's Division had crossed Lookout 
Creek a short distance above the railroad bridge 
and advanced, Williamson's Brigade being on the 
right and Wood's on the left. Of Grose's troops, 
four regiments were on Williamson's right and 
two on Wood's left. The left of their line followed 
along the bluffs of the river on the road to Chatta- 
nooga, while the right reached near to the Craven 
house. Geary^s lines, following the slope, moved 
upon the flank of Walthall's works, passed them 
and swung around upon the Craven house grounds, 
uniting at this point with Osterhaus' line. Walt- 
hall's Brigade, in spite of its stubborn resistance, 
was forced about 350 yards east of the Craven 
house. His final stand was taken on the road 
leading east from Craven's to the foot of the pali- 
sades. Here the Union advance was checked, and 
Pettus coming to his relief, Walthall, Pettus and 
Moore held the Summertown Koad, by which the 
entire Confederate force left the mountain duriuir 
the night. Just at dusk, Carlin's Brigade of John- 
son's Division crossed Chattanooga Creek, and 
climbing the mountain with supplies of ammuni- 
tion, relieved Geary's line. Picket firing was con- 
tinued during the night, while the mountain was 
being abandoned by the Confederates. The main 
object of their resistance was to cover the Sum- 
mertown Koad which was their line of retreat. 



130 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 



SHERMAN'S CROSSING. 

On the 24tli of November, General Sherman 
crossed the Tennessee six miles above Chatta- 
nooga. The landing place was two miles below 
North Chickamauga, near the mouth of South 
Chickamauga. One hundred and forty boats had 
been prepared and at midnight w^ere filled by G. A. 
Smith\s Brigade of M. L. Smith's Division, and 
floated across, reaching a point just above the 
mouth of the latter stream. The troops landing 
captured all but one of the enemy's pickets. The 
boats returned for and landed the rest of the divi- 
sion below the mouth of the South Chickamauga. 
Then John E. Smith's Division followed, and 8,000 
men were over and in line facing Tunnel Hill at 7 
o'clock on the morning of the 25tli. Ewing's Divi- 
sion and the artillery and horses for the officers 
and staff were next ferried over. At 12 o'clock the 
bridge was complete. General Sherman crossed 
and was met by General Howard, who, with his 
escort and three regiments of infantry, had ridden 
from Chattanooga unmolested by the enemy. Gen- 
eral Jeff. C. Davis' Division, which, with forty 
pieces of artillery, covered the troops while cross- 
ing, as well as the construction of the bridge, w^aii^ 
the last to cross. 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 131 



TUNNEL HILL. 

The forces confronting General Sherman at Tun- 
nel Hill were Smith's, Govan's and Lowrey's Bri- 
gades of Cleburne's Division, Brown's and Cum- 
mings' of Stevenson's Division, and Maney's of 
Walker's Division. General Cleburne's troops 
reached Tunnel Hill about 2 o'clock, November 24. 
Smith's Brigade was sent forward to hold the hills 
north and west of Missionary Ridge, but found 
them already occupied by General Sherman's 
troops. General Cleburne's forces then occupied 
the ridge from the Tunnel to the north point and 
threw up entrenchments at this latter place. 

In the evening General Cleburne, supposing 
that since General Hooker had broken the Confed- 
erate lines at Lookout, and both flanks of the army 
were ex]Dosed, Bragg would abandon Missionary 
Ridge, sent his artillery and ordnance stores 
across the Chickamauga, but learning that the 
ridge was to be held he ordered their return as 
soon as possible in the morning, and at 7 o'clock 
disposed his forces for battle. As soon as the en- 
emy's position could be discovered through the ris- 
ing mists, Sherman's batteries opened fire, and the 
detachments which were throwing up works at 
Tunnel Hill were obliged to abandon their opera- 



132 GLIMPSES CF CHICKAMAUGA. 

tions. .General Cleburne was placed in command 
of the troops from the tunnel northward before the 
first attack of General Sherman. The brunt of the 
day's battle was borne by Smith's Brigade of 
Texas Volunteers, which was commanded after 
Smith was wounded by Colonel Roger Q. Mills, and 
the Second Fifteenth and Twenty -fourth Arkansas 
of Govan's Brigade, and Sweet's and Key's batter- 
ies. General Cleburne considered the engage- 
ment of the remainder of his division "heavy skir- 
mishing." Brown's Brigade w^as engaged all day 
in the very severe skirmishing on Smith's left near 
the tunnel. About 4 p. m.. Brown's, Cummings' 
and Maney's Brigades were sent to report to Gen- 
eral Cheatham, a few miles south of the tunnel, 
where he was resisting the northward advance of 
Baird's Division of the Army of the Cumberland. 
Walthall's Brigade of Cheatham's Division suc- 
ceeded in checking Baird's advance about 5:30 
p. m. The Confederate right \Ving withdrew in 
order across the Chickamauga. 

THE STORMING OP MISSIONARY RIDGE. 



In planning the battle of Chattanooga Grant 
wished first to gain possession of Missionary Ridge, 
from the north end to the tunnel, and his orders to 
Sherman were to cross the river and occupy the 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 133 

position if possible before the enemy could con- 
centrate there. But circumstances over which he 
had no control delayed Sherman's crossing and 
events so shaped themselves that what Grant had 
intended to be first was last, and last first, as 
Orchard Knob and Lookout Mountain were both 
taken before Missionary Ridge. Grant also in- 
tended for Sherman to capture the ridge, but, not 
according to his plan, it was captured by the Army 
of the Cumberland. General Sherman crossed the 
river on the 24th, and made his disposition for at- 
tacking according to orders at Tunnel Hill. At 
3 o'clock the attack had failed at that point and as 
Sherman was fighting the heaviest column of the 
enemy on the left, and was being slowly driven 
back, General Grant ordered Thomas to move out 
with the four divisions constituting the center. 
Baird on the left, then Wood, with Sheridan on his 
right, and Johnson on the extreme right of the line, 
with a double line of skirmishers to the front, sup- 
ported by the entire force, press forward, and if 
possible carry the first line of rifle pits, halt there 
and await orders. This movement was to com- 
mence at 3 o'clock at a signal of six guns fired in 
rapid succession from Orchard Knob. After some 
little delay attending the preliminaries of the 
movement at 3:30 o'clock, the commands moved 
out and were in position for advance w^hen the 



134 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

gims sounded, one, two, three, four, five, six. With 
this, the troops impatient at being kept in their 
breastworks all day, while Sherman's men were 
hard at work, eagerly pushed onward, divisions, 
brigades and regiments, each one endeavoring to 
be first at the ridge. As soon as Bragg discovered 
this movement he hurried reinforcements from the 
right and left to strengthen the troops in his works 
to resist the advance on his center, which was 
under the command of Breckenridge. The Con- 
federates had originally four lines of breastworks. 
The first was captured at Orchard Knob, this left 
three lines. The first of the remaining three being 
about half a mile to the rear of the one captured 
at the knob, and was near the foot of the ridge. As 
before stated our troops eagerly pressed forward, 
soon they broke into a run, and although the 
enemy opened fire with shot and shell soon chang- 
ing it to grape and canister, which, with the fire 
from the infantry made it fearfully hot, there was 
no check on any part of the line until the rifle pits 
at the foot of the hill were reached and captured. 
From here to the top was a steep ascent of some 
500 yards covered with large rocks and fallen tim- 
ber. About half way up the ridge a small line of 
works had been thrown up. On the summit of the 
ridge the heaviest breastworks had been con- 
structed, protected by some fifty pieces of artillery 



GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 135 

in position. After obtaining possession of the 
works at tlie foot of the hill, the troops halted, ac- 
cording to orders, but being under a galling fire, 
without waiting for further orders, first one regi- 
ment, then another, started with its colors up 
the ascent until the entire line cheered bj 
their ofiicers, and with loud hurrahs, advanced 
over and around the rocks, under and through the 
fallen timber, charged up the ridge, each deter- 
mined to reach the summit first. The center part 
of Sheridan's Division reached the top first as they 
were nearest to the crest, but the rest of the line 
were soon up and almost simultaneously the ridge 
was carried in six places. Here after a short fight 
the Confederates were compelled to retreat. Sev- 
eral regiments were captured almost entire, and 
battery after battery was taken. Upon reaching 
the summit. General Sheridan's Division de- 
scended the eastern slope and began an active pur- 
suit. It was soon engaged with Bates' Division 
a short distance east of the ridge, who had taken a 
position there and held it until dark, when the 
firing ceased and they withdrew. General Baird's 
troops turned northward along the summit, pay- 
ing little heed to organization and pushed Jack- 
son's and Moore's Brigades of Cheatham's Divisio:? 
eastward and northward to the top of the thirc' 
knoll. Here General Walthall's Brigade of Cheat 



136 GLIMPSES OF CHICKAMAUGA. 

ham's Division made a firm staml, reinforced by 
Brown's Brigade of Stevenson's Division, which 
had been ordered from Sherman's front at the 
tunnel. At dark the firing ceased when the Con- 
federates abandoned the ridge. 



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